CAREER: The Domestic and International Politics of Global Police

无论是以抗议暴力、基于性别的暴力、酷刑、法外处决或日常虐待的形式，过度和/或非法的警察暴力在世界上每个国家都是一项挑战。过度和/或非法的警察暴力对社会的负面影响是多方面的，其后果是：它加剧了健康后果，降低了治理质量，并增加了发生国内冲突的可能性。此外，捐助国和组织，包括美国和联合国，向海外警察援助提供数十亿美元，从而可能影响受援国警察部队使用武力的能力。然而，尽管这一问题是全球性的，但大多数关于警察暴力的工作主要集中在美国、英国和拉丁美洲国家的案例研究上。这些单一案件不允许发展一种全面的理论来理解不同国家的警察在其国内和国际政治条件下实施过度和/或非法暴力的情况。此外，还缺乏有关全球警察暴力、警察机构、警察援助和警察人员的跨国数据。这一职业研究和教学议程将实现以下目标：1)建立关于全球警察暴力的原创政治框架和理论；2)收集关于警察暴力、警察自治和国际警察援助的基本跨国数据；3)收集世界各地警察人员的最大原始调查数据；以及4)实施一个多方面的教育计划，培训本科生和硕士学生以证据为基础的减轻警察暴力的策略。该项目在当前关于警察暴力的研究中提供了两个独特的创新。首先，它使用政治学框架来理解警察和警察暴力的复杂动态，并使用多个原始数据来源来检验这些理论。将警察视为政治行为者揭示了制度性和基于利益的解释如何影响警察参与不同形式暴力的可能性。对警察暴力、警察机构和警察援助进行了广泛的跨国时间序列数据收集，从而能够对更有可能发生不同形式暴力的情况进行比较分析。此外，通过已经建立的性别和安全部门实验室收集的对警察人员的调查数据，使PI能够探讨个人利益和信念以及单位凝聚力如何影响个别警官和警官群体滥用职权的倾向。重要的是，该项目允许将循证研究与教育相结合，方法是为国内和国际警察领导人和监督警务决策的官员开发一门本科“警务政治学”课程和一项民警硕士(Civ-Pol)证书课程。通过将循证研究和研究方法整合到这些课程中，该项目通过帮助下一代本科生开发针对当地警察暴力的原创研究、批判性思维和基于社区的解决方案来培养他们成为公众公民，并将基于证据的研究交到那些制定全球警务决策的人手中。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Whether in the form of protest violence, gender-based violence, torture, extrajudicial killing, or daily abuse, excessive and/or illegitimate police violence presents a challenge in every country of the world. The negative impacts of excessive and/or illegitimate police violence on societies are numerous and consequential: it exacerbates health outcomes, diminishes the quality of governance, and increases the probability of civil conflict. Moreover, donor countries and organizations, including the United States and United Nations, provide billions of dollars to police assistance abroad, thereby potentially affecting recipient country police forces’ ability to use force. Yet, despite the global nature of the problem, most of the work on police violence has largely focused on case studies in the US, UK, and Latin American countries. These single cases do not permit the development of an overarching theory for understanding the domestic and international political conditions under which the police in different countries engage in excessive and/or illegitimate violence. There is also a dearth of cross-national data on global police violence, police institutions, police assistance, and police personnel. This CAREER research and teaching agenda will achieve the following objectives: 1) develop an original political framework and theory on global police violence; 2) gather essential cross-national data on police violence, police autonomy, and international police assistance; 3) collect the largest, original survey data of police personnel around the world; and 4) implement a multi-faceted educational program that will train undergraduate students and masters students in evidence-based strategies for mitigating police violence. This project provides two unique innovations from the current research on police violence. First, it uses a political science framework to understand the complex dynamics of policing and police violence and uses multiple, original data sources to test these theories. Treating the police as political actors uncovers the ways in which institutional and interest-based explanations affect the likelihood of police engaging in different forms of violence. The extensive cross-national, time series data collection of police violence, police institutions, and police assistance enables comparative analysis about the conditions under which different forms of violence is more likely. Moreover, the survey data of police personnel, collected through the already-established Gender and Security Sector Lab, allows the PI to explore how individual interests and beliefs, and unit cohesion affect the propensity of individual officers and groups of officers to abuse their authority. Importantly, the project allows for the synthesis of evidence-based research with education through the development of an undergraduate “Politics of Policing” course and a master’s-level Civilian-Police (Civ-Pol) Certificate program for domestic and international police leadership and bureaucrats who oversee policing decisions. By integrating evidence-based research and research methods into these courses, the project trains the next generation of undergraduates to become public citizens by helping them develop original research, critical thought, and community-based solutions to police violence locally and it puts evidence-based research into the hands of those making decisions about policing globally.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.