Genetically optimized M13 phages as functionalized bio-templates for the generation of bio/inorganic nanostructured materials

由于制造和材料组成和性能的原因，用于产生技术无机功能材料的现有工艺受到限制。具有多功能的小型化复合材料组件仍然是一项具有挑战性的制造任务，各种性能的控制调整是困难的。因此，在技术制造过程中实施生物矿化路线将绕过这些限制。纳米级复杂的生物有机结构是通过自组装过程形成的，可以作为无机材料矿化的模板。这种模板的一个很好的优点是通过基因修饰对无机材料进行调整，这为控制材料的结构和性能开辟了道路。这项建议的主要目标是矿化噬菌体模板无机纳米材料，并通过对M13噬菌体模板的遗传修饰来调整此类杂化材料的性能。设想的是由氧化锌/金和二氧化钛/金组成的多层组件。该项目将实现以下目标：针对无机材料氧化锌、二氧化钛和金的特定结合和矿化的噬菌体模板的基因工程氧化锌、二氧化钛和金在功能化的M13模板上的矿化由单一材料(氧化锌、二氧化钛、金)和材料组合(氧化锌/金和二氧化钛/金)组成的有机-无机多层组件的产生揭示无机物在噬菌体模板上的矿化机理评估所制造的杂交组件的纳米结构，特别是噬菌体-无机界面的评估与M13噬菌体模板的遗传修饰有关的噬菌体模板组件的光学、压电、电和机械性能的测定。

Established processes for the generation of technological inorganic functional materials are subjected to restrictions in view of fabrication and material composition and properties. Miniaturized complex material assemblies with multifunctional properties are still a challenging manufacture task and the controlled adjustment of various properties is difficult. Therefore, the implementation of biomineralization routes in technical fabrication processes will circumvent such limitations. Nanometer sized, complex bio-organic structures which are formed by self-assembly processes, can be used as templates for the mineralization of inorganic materials. An excellent advantage of such templates is the adjustment to the inorganic material by genetic modification which opens the way to control material structure and properties. The main objective of this proposal is to mineralize phage-templated inorganic nanomaterials and to tune the properties of such hybrid materials by the genetic modification of M13 phage templates. Envisioned are multilayer assemblies of ZnO/gold and TiO2/gold. The following objectives shall be achieved in this project:The genetic engineering of phage templates for the specific binding and mineralization of the inorganic materials ZnO, TiO2 and goldMineralization of ZnO, TiO2, and gold on functionalized M13 templatesGeneration of organic-inorganic multilayer assemblies consisting of single materials (ZnO, TiO2, gold) and of the material combinations ZnO/gold and TiO2/goldRevealing the mineralization mechanism of the inorganics on the phage templatesEvaluation of the nanostructure of the manufactured hybrid assemblies with particular focus on the phage-inorganic interfacesDetermination of the optical, piezoelectrical, electrical, and mechanical properties of phage-templated assemblies with regard to the genetic modification of the M13 phage template.