Modeling Long-Term Urban and Rural Settlement Dynamics

该奖项是作为NSF的社会，行为和经济科学（SBE）博士后研究奖学金（SPRF）计划的一部分提供的。SPRF计划的目标是为学术界，工业或私营部门和政府的科学事业准备有前途的早期职业博士级科学家。SPRF的奖励包括在知名科学家的赞助下进行两年的培训，并鼓励博士后研究员进行独立研究。NSF致力于促进来自科学界各部门的科学家，包括来自代表性不足的群体的科学家参与其研究计划和活动;博士后期间被认为是实现这一目标的专业发展的重要水平。每个博士后研究员必须解决推进各自学科领域的重要科学问题。在费耶特维尔阿肯色州大学的卡拉·克莱姆博士的赞助下，这个博士后奖学金支持一位研究城乡动态的早期职业科学家。本项目研究区域住区系统内城市化的社会进程。它通过长期的考古学研究推进了人类社会和组织行为这些方面的科学知识。本研究通过调查社区的空间定居模式，这些社区将自己与城市机构区分开来，并与城市中心的权力集中进行谈判，从而有助于对农村和城市社会变迁的一般认识。小型人类群体如何与城市形成的社会关系一直是一个重要的人类学问题，对理解长期的可持续性和复原力具有重要意义。然而，大多数研究都使用了全球主要城市形成中心的例子。与此相反，本研究通过对大城市中心的长期考虑，加深了对城乡互动的理解。该研究的结果将为人类对全球社会转型和政治不稳定的适应提供一般性理解。该项目使用考古方法和地理空间分析来了解11世纪至19世纪农村社区和大型城市定居点之间的空间和物质关系。城市化在多大程度上意味着土著农村社交网络的（解体）或从属地位，这一问题尚未得到解决，农村社区与社会世界的关系也是如此。这项研究将通过调查农村定居动态与城市发展的关系来完善全球城市化的模型。该项目提出的问题是，农村社区在经济和物质上与城镇居民纠缠在一起的程度如何，以及城乡定居动态如何从前殖民时期，通过殖民接触，进入世纪？该项目使用低成本，高分辨率的航空和多光谱卫星图像来创建农村站点分布的预测模型，整合历史地图，文本来源，水文模型，地质数据和无人机图像的自动基于对象的图像分析，以检测文化重要特征。接下来，该项目使用该模型对城市腹地进行有针对性的调查。最后，测试挖掘将被用来比较物质文化从农村腹地网站已经挖掘出的收藏品从城市中心。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE) Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. Under the sponsorship of Dr. Carla Klehm at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, this postdoctoral fellowship award supports an early career scientist studying urban-rural dynamics. This project investigates the social processes of urbanization within a regional settlement system. It advances scientific knowledge on these aspects of human social and organizational behavior through a long-term archaeological study. This research contributes to general knowledge about rural and urban social change by investigating the spatial settlement patterns of communities which differentiated themselves from urban institutions and negotiated with the centralization of power in urban centers. How small human groups related socially to the emergence of urban formations has been an important anthropological question with implications for understanding long-term sustainability and resilience. However, most research has used examples from primary centers of urban formation globally. In contrast, this research deepens an understanding of urban-rural interaction through a consideration of large urban centers over the long-term. The results of this research will inform general understandings of human adaptations to social transformation and political instability globally.This project uses archaeological methods and geospatial analyses to understand the spatial and material relationships between rural communities and large urban settlements, from the 11th to 19th centuries CE. The extent to which urbanization meant the (dis)integration or subordination of indigenous rural social networks is unresolved, as are the ways rural communities related to the social world. This research will refine models of global urbanism by investigating rural settlement dynamics in relation to urban development over time. The project asks, to what extent were rural communities entangled economically and materially with town dwellers, and how did urban-rural settlement dynamics change from the precolonial period, through colonial contact, and into the 19th century? This project uses low-cost, high-resolution aerial and multispectral satellite imagery to create a predictive model for rural site distribution, integrating historical maps, textual sources, hydrological models, geological data, and automated object-based image analysis of drone imagery to detect cultural significant features. Next, the project uses this model to develop a targeted survey of the urban hinterland. Finally, test excavations will be used to compare material culture from rural hinterland sites with already excavated collections from urban centers. This will enable an understanding of the spatial and material patterns across time and in relation to urban centers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.