Collaborative Research: HCC: MEDIUM: Understanding the Present and Designing the Future of Risk Prediction IT in Fire Departments

这项研究将开发和设计新的数据驱动的风险预测原则和管理（DDRPM）工具，预测和管理各种社区风险，消防部门越来越需要应对这些风险，包括医疗、消防和安全紧急情况。今天，他们的大部分工作侧重于减少社区风险（CRR），这是一种寻求在风险导致紧急情况之前首先减轻风险的范例。CRR范式将利用新的数据驱动风险预测和管理（DDRPM）工具来预测和应对各种社区风险。然而，设计DDRPM工具来实现这一愿景需要对当前工作实践的深刻理解，以及这些工具对劳动力（例如，增加数据工作）、工人（例如，减少自主权）和社区（例如，加强对边缘人群的监视）的潜在未来影响。理解处理风险的社会技术工作实践和数据驱动的计算工具的设计的交集需要基本的以人为中心的计算研究。消防服务对个人、社区和社会的健康、安全和保障至关重要；因此，这项研究准备提供持久的，实际的好处。这个项目将直接使研究地点和他们所服务的人群受益，因为从民族志研究中得出的见解将传播给研究地点和参与者。本项目有多个目标：(1)对消防人员开展的面向社区的风险工作及其相关数据工作进行全面的实证探索；(2)为未来的DDRPM工具开发以人为中心的设计流程；(3)与消防部门共同设计投机性DDRPM工具；(4)发展风险工作的社会技术理论。它将分三个阶段实现这些目标。首先，它将通过对三个消防部门进行深入的民族志研究，记录当前以社区为重点的风险工作实践和社区数据资源。人种学数据将作为一种新的以人为中心的设计过程的一部分加以利用，这种设计过程结合了人种学、设计探究、参与式设计和推测性设计。其次，研究人员团队将与研究参与者合作，共同设计DDRPM的推测原型。通过考虑DDRPM工具的设计对消防部门和社区未来工作实践的影响，这种方法学方法将填补可持续数据驱动风险处理工具研究和设计方面的关键空白。第三，该团队将评估由此产生的推测原型，以了解它们如何改变技术支持的消防服务社区风险工作的愿景。设计过程和共同设计的原型都将传播给消防专业团体。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This research will develop and design new data-driven risk prediction principles and management (DDRPM) tools that anticipate and manage a variety of community risks, which fire departments are increasingly required to respond to, including medical, fire, and safety emergencies. Today, much of their work focuses on community risk reduction (CRR), a paradigm that seeks to mitigate risks before they lead to emergencies in the first place. The CRR paradigm will leverage new data-driven risk prediction and management (DDRPM) tools to predict and respond to a variety of community risks. Yet, designing DDRPM tools to realize this vision requires deep understanding of current work practices, and the potential future impacts of such tools on labor (e.g., increased data work), workers (e.g., decreased autonomy), and communities (e.g., intensified surveillance of marginalized populations). Understanding the intersection of sociotechnical work practices for handling risks and the design of data-driven computational tools requires fundamental human-centered computing research. The fire service is key to the health, safety, and security of individuals, communities, and society; thus, this research is primed to provide lasting, practical benefits. This project will directly benefit the study sites and the populations they serve since insights drawn from ethnographic research will be disseminated to study sites and participants. This project has multiple goals: (1) comprehensive empirical exploration of community-oriented risk work performed by fire personnel and their associated data work, (2) development of a human-centered design process for the future of DDRPM tools, (3) co-designing speculative DDRPM tools with fire departments, and (4) developing a sociotechnical theory of risk work. It will achieve these goals in three phases. First, it will document current practices of community-focused risk work and community data resources using in-depth ethnographic research in three fire departments. The ethnographic data will be leveraged as part of a novel human-centered design process that combines ethnography, inquiry through design, participatory design, and speculative design. Second, the team of researchers will co-design speculative prototypes for DDRPM in partnership with the study participants. This methodological approach will fill a crucial gap in research and design of sustainable data-driven tools for risk handling by enabling consideration of impacts of design of DDRPM tools on future work practices in the fire service and on communities. Third, the team will evaluate the resulting speculative prototypes to understand how they shift visions of technologically-supported community risk work for the fire service. Both the design process and the co-designed prototypes will be disseminated to the fire service professional community.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.