Collaborative Research: HCC: Small: RUI: Drawing from Life in Extended Reality: Advancing and Teaching Cross-Reality User Interfaces for Observational 3D Sketching

合作研究：HCC：小型：RUI：从扩展现实中的生活中汲取灵感：推进和教授用于观察 3D 草图绘制的跨现实用户界面

• 批准号: 2326998
• 负责人: Daniel Keefe
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-15 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2326998&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; HCC; Small; RUI

This project advances the science of how people work effectively and creatively within future computing environments that span the real world, virtual reality (VR), and mixed digital+physical spaces in between. Since drawing is fundamental to creative work across many disciplines (e.g., product design, architecture, engineering, art), the investigators focus on the emerging medium of 3D drawing, a form of computer-aided drawing where sweeping movements of a 3D-tracked pen are used to create virtual 3D drawings that appear to float in the air. In the hands of artists, architects, product designers, engineers, and others, virtual reality 3D drawing technologies have already led to exciting new design processes and products. However, despite some early successes and the great potential, 3D drawing, like so many other early applications of VR, remains limited when compared to the physical, real-world counterpart of traditional drawing. Take, for example, the way artists and product designers are taught to draw; learning to draw in the real world starts with learning to see, i.e., making careful observations of a subject. For advanced drawers, real-world drawing from observation is even a way to study a subject, a mode of inquiry. Yet, creative work in virtual environments takes the opposite approach, users have powerful tools and an endless 3D canvas, but no means of connecting these to their notes, sketches, models, experiments, and other real-world artifacts. This project presents a new vision for 3D drawing that makes it applicable to impactful work with real-world subjects (e.g., scientists working in the laboratory or the field, engineers conducting a design review, artists working for social change). The key approach is to re-center 3D drawing, and other creative tasks typically performed in virtual environments, on the foundational skill of careful observation. Specifically, the project develops new Augmented- and Mixed-Reality (AR and MR) tools for making observations from multiple perspectives and using those observations to create 3D drawings. The success of these foundational tools is assessed in lab-based user studies. The integrated educational program creates college courses and educational materials to train students in these new cross-reality modes of working and build capacity among potential 3D drawing instructors for teaching this new style of observational 3D drawing in AR. Undergraduate students in both computer science and art/design disciplines are trained as key members of the interdisciplinary research team.Prior research on 3D drawing has made 3D pens more controllable and led to many exciting software tools, but none of them help people to work across realities to draw what they see. This project creates novel user interface techniques and viewpoint entropy algorithms for making observations (e.g., judging relative proportion, angles, and negative space) by identifying, visualizing, and navigating the most useful viewpoints for observations of a real-world subject. It also develops spatial user interfaces for translating observations into hand-drawn 3D forms with hybrid 2D+3D sketching interfaces and computer graphics sketch-based 3D modeling algorithms. The deep focus on real-world observation makes the proposed techniques ideal examples of emerging research on cross-reality user interfaces that support seamless transitions between reality, virtuality, and mixed spaces in between. The project includes a tightly integrated educational plan, and the novel systems developed will be deployed in classrooms at multiple institutions. The success and potential of the new technologies and educational modules developed will be assessed through a combination of lab- and classroom-based user studies. This research effort will open the door to using 3D drawing as a mode of inquiry to leverage drawing's expressive power for representing the world around us.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目推进了人们如何在跨越真实的世界、虚拟现实（VR）以及介于两者之间的混合数字+物理空间的未来计算环境中有效和创造性地工作的科学。由于绘画是许多学科创造性工作的基础（例如，产品设计，建筑，工程，艺术），研究人员专注于新兴的媒体3D绘图，一种计算机辅助绘图的形式，其中使用3D跟踪笔的扫掠运动来创建似乎漂浮在空中的虚拟3D绘图。在艺术家、建筑师、产品设计师、工程师和其他人的手中，虚拟现实3D绘图技术已经带来了令人兴奋的新设计流程和产品。然而，尽管有一些早期的成功和巨大的潜力，3D绘图，像许多其他早期的VR应用，仍然是有限的相比，物理，现实世界的传统绘图。以艺术家和产品设计师学习绘画的方式为例;在真实的世界中学习绘画从学习看开始，即，仔细观察一个主题。对于高级绘画者来说，从观察中绘制真实世界甚至是一种研究主题的方式，一种探究模式。然而，虚拟环境中的创造性工作采取了相反的方法，用户拥有强大的工具和无尽的3D画布，但无法将这些与他们的笔记，草图，模型，实验和其他现实世界的工件联系起来。该项目提出了一种新的3D绘图愿景，使其适用于与现实世界的主题（例如，在实验室或现场工作的科学家，进行设计审查的工程师，为社会变革工作的艺术家）。关键的方法是将3D绘图和其他通常在虚拟环境中执行的创造性任务重新定位在仔细观察的基础技能上。具体来说，该项目开发了新的增强现实和混合现实（AR和MR）工具，用于从多个角度进行观察，并使用这些观察来创建3D绘图。这些基础工具的成功是在实验室为基础的用户研究进行评估。综合教育计划创建了大学课程和教育材料，以培训学生在这些新的跨现实工作模式中的能力，并在潜在的3D绘图教师中建立能力，以教授这种新风格的AR观察3D绘图。计算机科学和艺术/设计学科的本科生都被培养为跨学科研究团队的关键成员。之前对3D绘图的研究使3D笔更加可控，并导致了许多令人兴奋的软件工具，但它们都没有帮助人们跨越现实来绘制他们所看到的东西。该项目创建了新颖的用户界面技术和用于进行观察的视点熵算法（例如，判断相对比例、角度和负空间）。它还开发了空间用户界面，用于将观察结果转换为具有混合2D+3D草图界面和基于计算机图形草图的3D建模算法的手绘3D形式。对现实世界观察的深入关注使得所提出的技术成为跨现实用户界面新兴研究的理想例子，这些界面支持现实，虚拟和混合空间之间的无缝过渡。该项目包括一个紧密集成的教育计划，开发的新系统将部署在多个机构的教室中。新技术和教育模块的成功和潜力将通过实验室和课堂用户研究相结合的方式进行评估。这项研究工作将打开大门，使用3D绘图作为一种调查模式，以利用绘图的表现力来代表我们周围的世界。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。