The Carbon Footprint of Multinational Production

公司选择在世界各地生产商品会影响生产对气候的影响，因为不同的国家有不同的生产技术，这会影响生产过程中排放的污染量。这项创新研究将使用四个项目来研究跨国公司在不同国家进行生产（简称跨国生产）的活动如何影响全球二氧化碳（CO2）排放。本研究开发了新的理论和实证方法来研究MP与环境的相互作用。该项目还调查了机构在驱动观察到的全球排放模式方面的重要性，以及计算MP如何改变研究人员研究国际贸易和国际贸易政策的方式。除了理论建模之外，该项目还包括收集MP、企业所有权和二氧化碳排放的大型数据集，这些数据将供其他研究人员使用。这项研究的结果将有助于指导和改善全球气候谈判，这些谈判设定了从富裕国家向贫穷国家转移资源以应对气候变化的目标。研究结果不仅将指导政策，帮助改善全球公民的健康状况，还将有助于确立美国在气候政策研究方面的全球领导者地位。此外，该项目还将编写教材，指导和培训研究生、本科生和初级教师，内容涉及MP、贸易和二氧化碳排放。本研究将研究跨国企业的跨国生产（MP）活动如何影响全球二氧化碳排放总量。本研究共分为四个部分。第一个项目使用全球公司的微观数据来分析MP和二氧化碳排放之间的关系。这部分的数据来自Orbis，并与公司所有权数据合并。该项目还将使用汇总数据来研究东道国（生产所在国）的二氧化碳排放量如何不同，以及企业的母国如何影响其二氧化碳排放量。第二个项目将开发一个关于能源产品、贸易和气候变化的一般均衡多国模型，为标准的能源产品分析引入现实特征，如可交易的能源产品和能源资源、能源技术蓝图，以及能源产品、生产和销售的空间分离。第三个项目将使用第一个项目中构建的大型微观数据集来估计模型的参数。最后的项目将使用估计的模型来研究MP和政策变化如何影响全球二氧化碳排放。这一研究项目的成果将为政策提供重要投入，以增加在生产中采用“绿色技术”和减少二氧化碳排放，从而改善公民的健康。研究结果不仅将指导政策，帮助改善全球公民的健康状况，还将有助于确立美国在气候政策研究方面的全球领导者地位。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Where companies choose to produce goods around the world affects the climate impacts of production since different countries have different production technologies that impact the amount pollution emitted during production. This innovative research will use four projects to study how the activity of multinational firms that produce across different countries, (multinational production (MP) for short), affects global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The research develops new theoretical and empirical methods to study interactions of MP and the environment. The project also investigates the importance of institutions in driving observed global patterns of emissions and how accounting for MP changes how researchers study international trade and international trade policy. In addition to theoretical modelling, the project also involves assembling a large data set on MP, firm ownership, and CO2 emissions that will be used by other researchers. The results of this research will help guide and improve global climate negotiations that have set goals of resource transfers from rich to poor countries to address climate change. The results will not only guide policies to help improve the health of citizens across the globe but also help to establish the US as the global leader in climate policy research. In addition, the project will develop teaching materials and mentor and train graduate students, undergraduate students, and junior faculty, in MP, trade, and CO2 emissions. The proposed research will study how multinational production (MP) activities of multinational firms affect aggregate global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The research consists of four parts. The first project uses microdata on global firms to analyze the relationship between MP and CO2 emissions. The data for this part is built from Orbis and merged with firm ownership data. This project will also use aggregate data to study how host countries (countries where production takes place) differ in their CO2 emissions as well as how a firm’s home country affects its CO2 emissions. The second project will develop a general equilibrium multi-country model of MP, trade, and climate change that introduces realistic features to standard MP analysis, such as tradable energy goods and energy resources, energy technology blueprints, and a spatial separation of MP, production, and sales. The third project will estimate parameters of the model using the large micro-level data set constructed in the first project. The final project will use the estimated model to study how MP and policy changes affect global CO2 emissions. The results of this research project will provide major inputs into policies to increase the adoption of “green technology” in production and reduce CO2 emissions, and thus improve citizens’ health. The results will not only guide policies to help improve the health of citizens across the globe but also help to establish the US as the global leader in climate policy research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.