MRI: Development of Rydberg Tweezer Quantum Processor with Real-Time Optical Cavity Readout

我们在日常生活中使用的许多技术都使用了测量和反馈来稳健地运行。例如，飞机上的传感器反馈到副翼、升降机和方向舵，使飞行员自动按照预设的航线飞行。不那么明显的是，计算机和手机中的电子电路使用反馈进行可靠的计算，尽管制造过程中存在缺陷。同样，基于量子物理的未来技术预计将依赖于基于测量的反馈。这些技术的应用包括量子计算，这将需要稳健地执行量子纠错，以及量子传感和通信。受此类应用的启发，物理学家通常对所谓的开放量子力学系统感兴趣，在这种系统中，偶尔会测量系统的一小部分，而系统的其余部分保持量子相干和纠缠。对于这些系统中出现的新类型现象，有理论上的预测，但几乎没有实验平台来验证这些预测。拟议计划的目标是能够对复杂量子系统的一部分进行测量，同时系统的其余部分继续一致地进化。这种能力将特别在光学捕获的单原子阵列中实现。这些原子的内态的演化将由光脉冲控制，光脉冲要么改变单个原子的状态，要么将原子的状态耦合和纠缠在单独的光学陷阱中。在这种程序化的量子进化中的测量将以光学方式进行，使用光学谐振器在较短的测量时间内实现高保真测量，而不会干扰阵列中的其他原子。然后可以使用测量结果来修改光学控制脉冲，从而对复杂的量子系统进行反馈。将开发激光光学系统和实验控制系统来实现这种操作。然后，这台仪器将作为量子计算挑战研究所(NSF量子飞跃挑战研究所)内的共享用户设施运行，并将允许对量子隐形传态、量子纠错、簇态生成、交互量子动力学和量子态准备进行实验研究。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Many of the technologies we use in our everyday lives employ measurement and feedback to operate robustly. For example, sensors on airplanes feed back to the ailerons, elevators and rudder to pilot automatically on a pre-set course. Less tangibly, electronic circuits in computers and cell phones use feedback to compute reliably despite imperfections in fabrication. Similarly, future technologies based on quantum physics can be expected to rely on measurement-based feedback. Applications of such technologies include quantum computation, which will require quantum error correction to be performed robustly, and also quantum sensing and communication. Inspired by such applications, physicists are interested generally in so-called open quantum mechanical systems in which a small fraction of the system is occasionally measured while the remainder of the system retains quantum coherence and entanglement. There are theoretical predictions of new types of phenomena that emerge in these systems, but few experimental platforms exist in which to test these predictions. The goal of the proposed program is to enable measurements of a portion of a complex quantum system while the remainder of the system continues to evolve coherently. This capability will be realized specifically within arrays of optically trapped single atoms. The evolution of the internal states of these atoms will be controlled by optical pulses either that modify the states of single atoms, or that couple and entangle the states of atoms in separate optical traps. Measurements amidst this programmed quantum evolution will be performed optically, using optical resonators to achieve high-fidelity measurement at short measurement times and without disturbing other atoms in the array. The measurement outcome can then be used to modify the optical control pulses, effecting feedback on a complex quantum system. Both laser-optical and experimental-control systems will be developed to enable such operation. This instrument will then operate as a shared user facility within the Challenge Institute for Quantum Computation, an NSF Quantum Leap Challenge Institute, and will allow experimental investigations of quantum teleportation, quantum error correction, cluster-state generation, interactive quantum dynamics, and quantum-state preparation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.