Dense water pathways feeding the Faroe Bank Channel Overflow

横跨格陵兰-苏格兰脊（GSR）的密集水溢出及其随后的夹带是大西洋经向翻转环流（AMOC）的基本组成部分，它有助于维持地球的气候。确定AMOC的机制、强迫和变率至关重要。拟议的合作计划，包括系泊阵列、水文测量和建模，将为实现这一目标做出重大贡献。该项目将确定北欧海中密度最大的水是在哪里形成的，这些水是如何向GSR发展的，以及它在此过程中是如何改变的，包括大气强迫的作用。这反过来将使人们更好地了解气候变暖可能影响AMOC的方式。该项目是一个单独资助的大型国际项目的一部分。它将资助一名博士后研究员和两名兼职客座研究生。将开展一项外联计划，其中包括一个项目网站和一系列吸引公众参与实地工作的活动。一名专业摄影师/电影制作人/插画家/作家将参与其中一次船上调查。该项目将维持一个为期一年的高分辨率系缆阵列，以测量冰岛-法罗斜坡喷流，这似乎是法罗河岸溢流的稠密水的主要来源，而这反过来又占了格陵兰苏格兰岭溢流总量的大约一半。随船的水文/速度测量将追踪上游的水流到其源头区域，并记录其下游的演变，直到它在法罗河岸海峡溢出。全球气候模式、理想模式和简单理论的使用将把观测结果置于动力学背景下。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The overflow of dense water across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge (GSR), and its subsequent entrainment, is a fundamental component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) which helps maintain Earth’s climate. It is critically important to determine the mechanisms, forcing, and variability of the AMOC. The proposed collaborative program, including a mooring array, hydrographic surveys and modeling, will provide a major contribution towards this goal. This project will determine where the densest water is formed in the Nordic Seas, how this water progresses to the GSR, and how it is modified along the way, including the role of atmospheric forcing. This in turn will provide a better understanding of the means by which the warming climate may impact the AMOC. The project is part of a separately funded large international program. It will fund a post-doctoral investigator and two part-time guest graduate students. An outreach program will be undertaken that includes a project website and a host of activities engaging the public in the fieldwork. A professional photographer/filmmaker/illustrator/writer will participate on one of the shipboard surveys. This project would maintain a one year high-resolution mooring array to measure the Iceland-Faroe Slope Jet, which appears to be the main source of dense water feeding the Faroe Bank Channel overflow, and which in turn accounts for roughly half of the total overflow transport across the Greenland Scotland Ridge. Accompanying shipboard hydrographic/velocity surveys will trace the flow upstream to its source region(s), and also document its downstream evolution to where it overflows in the Faroe Bank Channel. The use of a Global Climate Model, idealized model, and simple theory will put the observations into a dynamical context.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.