Origins and effects of cosmic rays in large-scale structures of the Universe

我们在这里提出的项目是关于研究星系团中的宇宙射线和宇宙的大尺度结构。星系团是宇宙射线加速的重要场所。宇宙射线、磁场和星系团内部介质中湍流的复杂相互作用是在射电、x射线和伽马射线波段观测到大规模发射的原因。迄今为止，宇宙学中非热现象和粒子加速的建模仅限于几种数值方法，很少与现实的观测联系起来。来自一系列新观测设施的数据正在并将继续扩大我们对迄今为止尚未探索的能量带中这种过程的看法。这使得它成为一个完美的时间连接理论建模和观察在高水平的物理复杂性。在本项目中，我们建议将最先进的宇宙学数值模拟与宇宙射线粒子理论模型相结合，以探索基本等离子体过程与星系团非热观测之间的理论联系。特别地，这里提出的博士项目将解决宇宙射线与湍流和磁化的星系团内介质之间耦合的理论不确定性，利用星系团中模拟和观测的非热辐射的比较来约束粒子加速过程的效率。这一建议的成功将使我们对星系团中弥漫性非热发射的难以捉摸的过程有更深入和全面的理论理解，并将为星系团内等离子体中粒子加速机制的效率提供重要线索

The project we propose here is concerned with the study of cosmic rays in galaxy clusters and the large-scale structure of the Universe. Galaxy clusters are important sites for the acceleration of cosmic rays. The complex interplay of cosmic rays, magnetic fields and turbulence in the intra-cluster-medium is responsible for the large-scale emission observed in the radio, X-ray and gamma-ray bands.The modelling of non-thermal phenomena and particle acceleration in cosmology has so far been limited to a few numerical approaches, and has been scarcely connected to observations in a realistic way. Data from a range of new observational facilities are and will continue to enlarge our view of such processes in hitherto unexplored energy bands. This makes it a perfect time to connect theoretical modelling and observations at a high level of physical complexity.In this project we propose to combine state-of-the-art cosmological numerical simulations and cosmic ray particles theoretical models in order to explore the theoretical connection between fundamental plasma processes and non-thermal observables of galaxy clusters.In particular, the PhD project proposed here will tackle the theoretical uncertainties concerning the coupling between cosmic rays and the turbulent and magnetized intra-cluster-medium, using the comparison between simulated and observed non-thermal emissions in galaxy clusters to constrain the efficiencies of particle acceleration processes. The success of this proposal will enable a deeper and global theoretical understanding of the elusive processes that power the diffuse non-thermal emission in galaxy clusters, and will offer important clues on the efficiency of particle acceleration mechanisms in the intra-cluster plasma