Experimental investigations of metachronal synchronization in 2D cilia arrays

最近的实验证据是一致的假设的轨道灵活性和流体动力学耦合作为一个可能的起源鞭毛同步。与此同时，一个孤立的纤毛对的同步是不足以保证一个合奏的异时性，强调需要更好地了解本地和全球协调之间的联系。对绿色团藻的异时波的观测表明，即使在弱耦合系统中，大规模鞭毛协调也是可能的。然而，在定义的条件下，缺陷和耦合一致性之间的因果关系的细节没有得到很好的研究。进展取决于确定合适的实验系统来研究MW，并在更明确的边界条件下测试从理论发展而来的直觉，这是一个尚未实现的目标。在这里，这样的实验系统引入了一个人工纤毛表面，允许自组织同步MW的纤毛节拍和局部流动条件的内部反馈，根据林德曼的几何离合器假说，发表于2004年。因此，柔性纤毛同时用作流量传感器和致动器。该项目的目的是研究外部流动和表面缺陷对这种纤毛链协调的影响。此外，该模型是用来调查所产生的运输在这样的纤毛表面使用3D Micro-PIV解决未知的营养物质运输的影响，这种协调的性质。

Recent experimental evidence is consistent with the hypothesis of orbit flexibility and hydrodynamic coupling as a possible origin of flagellar synchronization. At the same time, synchronization of an isolated cilium pair is not sufficient to guarantee metachronism of an ensemble, highlighting the need to understand better the link between local and global coordination. The observation of metachronal waves (MWs) in the green alga Volvox carteri shows that large scale flagellar coordination is possible even in weakly coupled systems. However, details of the cause-and-effect relationship between defects and consistency of coupling are not well studied under defined conditions. Progress hinges on the identification of suitable experimental systems to study MWs and test the intuition developed from theory under more defined boundary conditions, a goal which remains unfulfilled. Herein, such an experimental system is introduced with an artificial ciliated surface that allows self-organized synchronization in MWs with internal feedback of cilia beat and local flow conditions according the geometric clutch hypothesis of Lindemann, published in 2004. Therefore, the flexible cilia serve simultaneously as flow sensors and actuators. The aim of the project is to study the influence of external flow and surface defects on coordination in chains of such cilia. In addition, the model is used to investigate the resultant transport within such ciliated surfaces using 3D Micro-PIV to address the unknown of nutrient transport influenced by such coordination in nature.