LEAP-HI: Compounding Risk Assessment and Mitigation Options for Building Infrastructure Experiencing Coastal Flooding-Related Saltwater Deterioration and Seismic Hazard

这一领先的美国繁荣、健康和基础设施工程(LEAP-HI)资助的研究项目将研究沿海洪水、咸水恶化和地震运动的综合影响如何影响建筑物。这些危险如何相互作用的知识将被用来评估加强公共安全和生活质量的备选方案。目前的地震风险预测只考虑了处于原始状态的建筑物。然而，由于风暴潮、涨潮和海平面上升，美国地震多发地区的许多建筑也面临着沿海洪水的风险，所有这些因素都因气候变化而加剧。这些建筑可能会因接触咸水而恶化，并在地震发生时处于衰弱状态。生活在这些地区的社区需要得到支持，以衡量咸水恶化和地震的复合风险，并确定有效的缓解办法。这些发现将指导设计师、建筑物业主、保险公司、城市官员和应急人员进行灾害准备和响应；将为建筑物设计、维修、翻新和维护政策提供信息；并将提高公众对沿海洪水的长期影响和地震多发地区缓解方案的认识。这项研究将导致考虑到沿海洪水恶化的影响，对建筑物的地震破坏或倒塌概率进行现实预测。它将产生一个框架，可以(1)通过多种灾害和结构响应建模模拟相互关联的灾害影响，(2)使用概率方法来量化结构和社区规模的地震破坏风险的增加，(3)进行情景分析以调查缓解战略，(4)分析影响保护行动决策的社会文化因素，以及(5)向公众和利益攸关方宣传咸水恶化和地震活动的综合风险，以提高灾害意识和降低风险。由此产生的框架将在试验台上进行演示，以吸引社区成员和利益相关者参与。研究方法包括海岸水动力和波浪模型、腐蚀模型、原始试件和锈蚀试件的结构试验、钢筋混凝土和钢结构原型的准静态和动态响应分析、建立受腐蚀建筑的地震易损性函数、考虑和不考虑缓解措施的社区风险评估以及构建防护行动决策模型。这项研究将汇集来自多个学科的知识，包括沿海工程、材料科学、结构和地震工程、风险评估、社区复原力、文化人类学、风险感知和灾害扩展。它将激励和奠定与基础设施的长期健康和对多种危险的弹性相关的汇聚研究的基础。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This Leading Engineering for America's Prosperity, Health, and Infrastructure (LEAP-HI) funded research project will examine how the combined effects of coastal flooding, saltwater deterioration, and earthquake motion impact buildings. Knowledge of how these hazards interact will be used to evaluate options for enhancing public safety and quality of life. Current seismic risk predictions only consider buildings in their pristine states. However, many buildings in earthquake prone regions of the United States are also at risk of coastal flooding due to storm surge, high tide and rising sea levels, all factors that are being exacerbated by climate change. These buildings may deteriorate from contact with saltwater and be in a weakened state when earthquakes strike. Communities living in these areas need support measuring the compounding risk of saltwater deterioration and earthquakes and with identifying effective mitigation options. The findings will guide designers, building owners, insurers, city officials, and emergency responders in hazard preparedness and response; will inform building design, repair, retrofit, and maintenance policies; and will raise public awareness of the long-term impacts of coastal flooding and mitigation options in earthquake prone areas.This research will lead to realistic predictions of seismic damage or collapse probability of buildings, considering the impacts of deterioration from coastal flooding. It will result in a framework that can (1) simulate interconnected hazard impacts through multi-hazard and structural response modeling, (2) use probabilistic methods to quantify the increase in seismic damage risk at structure- and community-scales, (3) perform scenario analyses to investigate mitigation strategies, (4) analyze socio-cultural factors that shape protective action decision making, and (5) communicate the combined risk of saltwater deterioration and seismicity to the public and stakeholders for hazard awareness and risk reduction. The resulting framework will be demonstrated on test beds to engage community members and stakeholders. Research methods include coastal hydrodynamic and wave modeling, corrosion modeling, structural testing of pristine and corroded specimens, quasi-static and dynamic response analyses of reinforced concrete and steel building archetypes, creating seismic fragility functions of corroded buildings, community risk assessment with and without mitigation, and constructing protective action decision models. The research will converge knowledge from multiple disciplines, including coastal engineering, material science, structural and earthquake engineering, risk assessment, community resilience, cultural anthropology, risk perception, and disaster outreach. It will inspire and lay the groundwork for convergent research related to long-term health and resilience of infrastructure to multiple hazards.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.