Theory and Phenomenology of Neutrinos in the Multimessenger Astronomy Era

这个项目是在理论核和粒子天体物理领域。它以中微子的物理学为中心，中微子是恒星和星系中大量产生的基本粒子。这些天体物理中微子已经在地面上观测到了，预计不久的将来还会有更多的观测。理论研究对解释数据将是非常重要的。它将回答目前悬而未决的问题，并提出新的问题，关于恒星中发生的基本过程，以及中微子的性质如何影响它们。该项目将为初级科学家提供极好的培训基础，为他们未来在工业和学术界的职业生涯做好准备，从而丰富科学界。一个主要的研究领域是核心坍塌超新星产生的1-10 MeV中微子的物理，这对即将到来的中微子探测器来说是一个战略机遇。部分努力是为了改善对宇宙超新星扩散通量的预测，这可能很快就会被探测到，方法是将恒星演化对正在坍塌的恒星的实际影响包括在内。另一个目标是研究超新星中微子的发射如何引起其他信使的二次信号，如伽马射线闪光或引力波。研究了超新星发射的中微子和引力波的相互作用，重点是联合分析来自这两个信使的数据的可能性。该项目的第二个推力是解释我们银河系外观测到的TeV-PeV中微子的流量，这一流量的来源仍然不确定。焦点是一种情景，最近的数据支持这一情景，其中一些被检测到的中微子是由恒星撕裂黑洞(潮汐破坏事件)产生的。该计划将对这些事件中的中微子、光子和宇宙射线进行详细、一致的预测，并将预测结果与现有数据进行比较，以约束主要模型参数。该项目推进了未来NSF投资的十大想法之一“宇宙之窗：多信使天体物理时代”的目标。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project is in the area of theoretical nuclear and particle astrophysics. It is centered on the physics of neutrinos, elementary particles that are produced abundantly in stars and galaxies. These astrophysical neutrinos have been observed on the ground, and many more observations are expected for the near future. Theoretical research will be very important to interpret the data. It will answer current open questions and pose new ones, on the fundamental processes that take place in stars and on how the properties of neutrinos influence them. The project will provide excellent training grounds for junior scientists that will prepare them for their future careers in industry and academia, thus enriching the scientific community.A major area of investigation is the physics of 1-10 MeV neutrinos from core collapse supernovae, which is a strategic opportunity for upcoming neutrino detectors. Part of the effort is to improve predictions of the diffuse flux of cosmological supernovae, which may soon be detected, by including realistic effects of stellar evolution on the collapsing star. Another goal is to study how the emission of neutrinos in a supernova can cause secondary signals of other messengers, like gamma ray flashes or gravitational waves. The interplay of neutrinos and gravitational wave emissions from a supernova is investigated, with focus on the potential of a joint analysis of data from these two messengers. A second thrust of the project is on interpreting the observed flux of TeV-PeV neutrinos from outside our galaxy, which is still of uncertain origin. The focus is a scenario, which is supported by recent data, where some of the detected neutrinos are produced by star-shredding black holes (tidal disruption events). The plan is to develop detailed, consistent predictions of neutrinos, photons and cosmic rays from these events, and compare the predictions to the existing data to constrain the main model parameters.This project advances the objectives of "Windows on the Universe: the Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics", one of the 10 Big Ideas for Future NSF Investments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.