National Historical Geographic Information System

该项目将加强和扩展IPUMS国家历史地理信息系统（NHGIS）。NHGIS是美国从1790年至今最全面的地理信息来源。该项目将为NHGIS增加新的数据和工具，以支持对人口和地点如何随时间和空间变化进行更广泛、更有效的研究。将1970年及以后的关键数据产品扩展到2020年的新数据，将使研究人员能够利用跨越半个多世纪的数据，以非常精细的地理分辨率调查人口和住房特征的模式和动态。提供定制数据请求和访问上下文信息的新选项将通过将研究人员更快速地连接到他们需要的信息来简化数据访问、解释和分析。加强外联工作将确保不同的受众认识到NHGIS的科学潜力，并确保用户获得将相关NHGIS资源应用于生产性研究目的所需的支持。这些努力将扩大NHGIS的影响，使其更强大、更容易获得，推动广泛的学术研究、社会科学教育、新闻、从地方到国家层面的政策研究以及私营部门的研究。该项目还将教育和培训本科生和研究生，并参与一个招收不同背景学生的计划。NHGIS为经济和社会进程的空间分析提供了一个独特的实验室，并为开发和测试社会变化模型提供了必要的经验基础。该项目将在5年内对NHGIS进行三大改进：(1)数据库扩展。该项目将通过为1970年人口普查街区制作新的数字边界文件和生成将1970年数据与当前人口普查单位联系起来的地理人行横道，扩大对小地区人口变化进行高影响力研究的机会。该项目还将更新NHGIS收集，通过摄取新的2020年人口普查数据并将其纳入时间序列表，继续实现过去和现在之间的联系。这些进步将允许在1970年至2026年的人口普查和美国社区调查小区域数据之间进行直接、可靠的比较。(2)数据访问和产品增强。该项目将增加几个新选项，用于自定义数据提取的地理范围，以及通过数据提取获取上下文信息。(3)用户支持、外联和传播。该项目将维持和扩大NHGIS的推广工作，提供用户支持和研讨会，并创建博客文章和可视化，以突出广大受众感兴趣的主题上独特或未充分利用的NHGIS数据。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project will enhance and expand the IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS). NHGIS is the nation's most comprehensive source of geographic information for American people and places from 1790 to today. The project will add new data and tools to NHGIS to support broader, more effective studies of how populations and places have changed over time and space. Extending key data products back to 1970 and forward to include new 2020 data will enable researchers to investigate patterns and dynamics in population and housing characteristics at an exceptionally fine geographic resolution, leveraging data spanning over half a century. Providing new options for customizing data requests and accessing contextual information will streamline data access, interpretation, and analysis by connecting researchers more rapidly to the information they need. Redoubling outreach efforts will ensure that a diverse audience is aware of the scientific potential of NHGIS and that users have the support needed to apply relevant NHGIS resources toward productive research ends. These efforts will broaden the impact of NHGIS by making it both more powerful and more accessible, advancing a wide array of academic research as well as social science education, journalism, policy research from local to national levels, and private sector research. The project also will educate and train undergraduate and graduate students and participate in a program to recruit students from diverse backgrounds.NHGIS provides a unique laboratory for the spatial analysis of economic and social processes and offers the empirical foundation needed for developing and testing models of societal change. Over five years, this project will implement three major improvements to NHGIS: (1) Database expansion. The project will expand opportunities for high-impact research on small-area population change by producing new digital boundary files for 1970 census blocks and generating geographic crosswalks that link 1970 data to current census units. The project also will update the NHGIS collection to continue enabling linkages between the past and present by ingesting new 2020 census data and incorporating them into time series tables. These advances will allow for direct, reliable comparisons between census and American Community Survey small-area data from 1970 through 2026. (2) Data access and product enhancements. The project will add several new options for customizing the geographic extent of data extracts and for obtaining contextual information with data extracts. (3) User support, outreach, and dissemination. The project will sustain and expand NHGIS outreach efforts, offering user support and workshops, and creating blog posts and visualizations that highlight unique or underutilized NHGIS data on subjects of interest to a broad audience.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.