MRI: Track I: Development of UltraFast High Granularity Modules for Timing Layers for the LHCb Upgrade 2 and Future Collider Calorimeter Applications

该项目的重点是开发模块，为高粒度定时层的构建提供精确的定时和空间信息，该定时层将集成到瑞士欧洲核子研究中心实验室的LHCb升级II热量计和未来的高亮度对撞机中。这台仪器的发展将是一个充满发现潜力的雄心勃勃的物理项目的重要组成部分，它将促进我们对基本粒子及其相互作用的理解。高空间分辨率与精确的时间戳相结合，在未来的对撞机和工业仪器（例如医疗设备）中具有广泛的应用。该小组将开发全尺寸模块，包括传感器及其处理电子设备，集成到一个优化的封装中，具有适合大型飞机扩展的电气和机械性能。其组件包括具有精细空间分割的新型超快传感器和结合复杂信号处理和数据处理的复杂电子设备。该研发项目与美国半导体行业以及将人工智能技术应用于先进技术的许多努力具有协同作用。该工作的目标是在高亮度升级（HL-LHC）之后，将该探测器集成到CERN LHC对撞机的LHCb升级II中。在许多具有里程碑意义的测量中，HL-LHC时代提供了前所未有的可能性。高亮度，结合光子、介子、电子和正电子效率的提高，将是一个强大的组合，由于灵活的软件触发，将允许该小组优化数据，使其具有特定的有趣的衰减。此外，该仪器符合未来对撞机应用的量热学基础研究需求。它也可以用于构建未来的e+e对撞机的强子识别装置。严格的规格涉及传感器和微电子功能，处于当前技术的边缘。对传感器的速度和抗辐射性、模拟处理的速度和低噪声性能、数字部分的复杂性以及可能通过机器学习技术优化的包含算法的挑战性要求对微电子技术的进步具有深远的影响。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project is focused on developing modules that provide precise timing and space information for the construction of a high-granularity timing-layer to be integrated into the LHCb Upgrade II calorimeter at the CERN laboratory in Switzerland and future high-luminosity colliders. The development of this instrument will be an essential element of an ambitious physics program rich in discovery potential that will advance our understanding of elementary particles and their interactions. High spatial resolution combined with a precise time stamp has broad applications to future colliders and industrial instruments, for example medical devices. The group will develop full-size modules comprising a sensor and its processing electronics, integrated into an optimized package with electrical and mechanical properties suitable for scalability into large planes. Its components comprise novel ultrafast sensors with fine space segmentation and complex electronics that combine sophisticated signal manipulation and data processing. This R&D project is synergistic with the semiconductor industry in the United States and the many efforts of applying artificial intelligence techniques to advanced technology. The goal of the effort is to integrate this detector in the LHCb Upgrade II at the CERN LHC collider following the high-luminosity upgrade (HL-LHC). The HL-LHC era offers the possibility of unprecedented reach in many landmark measurements. The high luminosity, combined with increased efficiency for photons, pions, electrons, and positrons, will be a formidable combination that, thanks to the flexible software trigger, will allow the group to optimize the data taking to specific interesting decays. In addition, this instrument is aligned with basic research needs in calorimetry for future collider applications. It can also be adapted to construct hadron identification devices for future e+e- colliders. The stringent specifications involve sensor and microelectronics features that are at the edge of current technologies. Challenging requirements on the speed and radiation resistance on the sensors, speed and low noise performance of the analog processing, complexity of the digital section, and encompassing algorithms possibly optimized with machine-learning techniques have far-reaching implications for advancement in microelectronics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.