SBP: CAREER: Race, Gender, and the Science of Science

随着研究人员将科学调查方法转向研究科学实践本身，“科学科学”最近大受欢迎。虽然人们对边缘化和代表性问题给予了一些关注，但这些关切通常没有涉及到科学科学中关于如何促进科学进步的其他问题。这个项目的研究部分填补了我们在理解上的空白。该项目表明，改进科学的努力不仅进一步巩固(甚至放大)了当前的不公正，而且适得其反，最终阻碍了科学进步。此外，它还考察了思想如何在不同的社区传播，既提供了对当前不平等如何阻碍科学进步的洞察，也阐明了围绕信仰传播和两极分化的问题。最后，它为边缘化群体发现了隐藏的、意想不到的障碍，并提出了可能的补救措施，促进了科学领域的多样性。这一研究部分与教学和宣传部分交织在一起，举措包括开发课程，讨论用于调查科学实践的各种方法(例如，从哲学、历史、社会学、科学学)，为打算从事科学科学研究的代表性不足/边缘化群体的成员举办一次国家讲习班，以及创新的K-12 STEM方案编制，证明多样性在行动中的重要性。该项目利用进化博弈论和网络科学的工具，描绘了社会认同的各个方面，如种族和性别，如何对科学进步产生影响，以及研究人员如何对科学机构进行科学调查。这些工具捕捉了科学家相互作用的动态和科学界的结构，使该项目能够将女权主义科学哲学的见解与科学科学的见解结合起来，从而使这两个领域都受益。科学界的许多理论理所当然地认为，无论社会身份如何，所有科学家都有同样的荣誉激励、发表和被引用的机会等。然而，正如长期以来在女权主义科学哲学中所承认的那样，这些考虑很重要：根据社会认同，研究人员被排除在外或被边缘化，科学进步因缺乏多样化的想法和视角而受到阻碍。这个项目揭示了，一旦考虑到社会认同，我们对如何实现良好运作的科学的理解将发生巨大变化。同时，该项目中使用的科学工具具有明确的能力来阐明女权主义科学哲学家感兴趣的问题，例如，科学界内的通信网络如何影响知识的产生。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The "science of science" has recently exploded in popularity as researchers turn scientific methods of investigation around to investigate the practice of science itself. While some attention has been paid to issues of marginalization and representation, these concerns have generally not been brought to bear on other questions within the science of science regarding how to enhance scientific progress. The research component of this project fills the resulting gaps in our understanding. The project demonstrates when attempts to improve science not only further entrench (or even amplify) current injustices, but backfire, ultimately impeding scientific progress. Moreover, it examines how ideas spread throughout diverse communities, both providing insight into how current inequities hinder scientific progress and illuminating questions surrounding belief spread and polarization. Finally, it uncovers hidden, unsuspected roadblocks for marginalized groups and suggests potential remedies, promoting diversity in scientific fields. This research component is intertwined with teaching and outreach components, with initiatives including the development of courses discussing diverse methods used to investigate scientific practice (e.g., from philosophy, history, sociology, science of science), a national workshop for members of underrepresented/marginalized groups intending to pursue research in the science of science, and innovative K-12 STEM programming which demonstrates the importance of diversity in action.This project employs tools from evolutionary game theory and network science to provide a picture of how aspects of social identity, e.g. race and gender, matter both to scientific progress and to how researchers scientifically investigate the institution of science. These tools, which capture the dynamics of scientists' interactions and the structure of scientific communities, enable the project to integrate insights from feminist philosophy of science with insights from science of science, to the benefit of both fields. Many theories in the science of science take for granted that there are the same credit incentives, chances of work being published and cited, etc. for all scientists, regardless of social identity. Yet, as has long been recognized within feminist philosophy of science, these considerations matter: researchers are excluded or marginalized according to social identity, and scientific progress is hampered by the resulting lack of diverse ideas and perspectives. This project reveals how our understanding of how to achieve well-functioning science can change drastically once social identity is taken into account. Meanwhile, the scientific tools used in this project have clear power to illuminate questions of interest to feminist philosophers of science, e.g. how communication networks within scientific communities influence knowledge generation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.