Impacts of a public transport supply on passengers and operators

这一分项目旨在开发和应用支持规划者设计公共交通供应的方法。为了实现这一点，创建了测试实例(演示器)的人工解决方案和算法解决方案，并进行了比较。在第一个项目阶段开发和测试的旅行需求建模和数学供应优化方法在第二个项目阶段得到推广，以便考虑到供需的空间和时间分辨率所产生的额外需求。为此目的进行了以下步骤：(1)公共交通分配模型中出发时间选择、站点选择和容量约束的建模。(2)公共交通规划中应用的典型程序的形式化，并将这些程序整合到数学优化方法中。(3)评估时间可用性、空间可达性和容量违规，以比较人工和算法解决方案。基于预期移动即服务(MAAS)与自动车辆相结合可以为人们提供有吸引力的出行选择，公共拼车系统也将在第二阶段进行研究。MAAS可能会危害或补充公共交通。根据之前的研究结果，该研究建议假设，如果没有大容量的公共交通工具，城市地区的交通将无法发挥作用。然而，公共交通可能会得到灵活的拼车系统的补充。因此，定期时间表的重要性和公共拼车系统的局限性被研究。

This subproject aims at developing and applying methods, which support planners in the design of a public transport supply. To achieve this, manmade and algorithmic solutions for test instances (demonstrators) are created and compared. The methods for travel demand modelling and mathematical supply optimisation, which were developed and tested in the first project phase, are extended in the second project phase in such a way that they consider additional requirements coming from a spatial and temporal resolution of supply and demand. The following steps are carried out for this purpose:(1) Modelling of departure time choice, stop choice and capacity constraints in public transport assignment models.(2) Formalisation of typical procedures applied in public transport planning and integration of these procedures in the mathematical optimisation methods.(3) Evaluation of temporal availability, spatial accessibility and capacity violations for the comparison of manmade and algorithmic solutions.Based on the expectation that Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) in combination with automated vehicles can offer people attractive travel alternatives, public ridesharing systems will also be examined in the second project phase. MaaS can jeopardize or complement public transport. Based on previous findings, the research proposal assumes that traffic in urban regions will not function without high-capacity means of mass transport. However, mass transport may be supplemented by flexible ridesharing systems. Therefore, the importance of periodic timetables and the limitations of public ridesharing systems are examined.