Enlightenment as self-interpretation - historical-systematic reconstruction of Johann Joachim Spalings 'Destination of Man' (1748)

斯伯丁（1714 -1804）早期出版的《人的归宿》（Betrachtung ber die Bestimmung des Menschen）被认为是德国启蒙神学的纲论性文本，也是一本畅销书。这也是对18世纪中期人类学转向的重大贡献。毫无疑问，启蒙世纪下半叶思想史上没有一个重要人物会忽视这本书。它从人类走向自己的归宿这一基本问题出发，试图将道德和宗教理解为自我解释过程的一个功能。在18世纪下半叶（阿伯特、门德尔松、康德）的辩论中，斯伯丁的著作得到了充分的接受。这就是为什么我的研究注定要对其起源进行第一次广泛的重建。它描述了从斯伯丁的学术资格文本的发展，小文章，直到英国哲学家沙夫茨伯里的两个文本的翻译。尤其是从思想史和观念史的角度进行分析。在范畴维度方面，研究重点是独白的文学修辞形象、目的逻辑的结构、幸福思想的取向、“感觉”概念的认知功能，最后是对宗教概念的影响。最后，斯伯丁的概念将被纳入当前神学和哲学关于宗教结构理论的辩论，以及目的地、幸福、人类尊严和宗教意识结构的情感维度等概念的复兴。这项研究使斯伯丁的《目的地》一书成为对基督教和开明的新教的现代理解这一尚未完成的工程的重要贡献。

The early publication of Spalding (17014-1804) 'Betrachtung über die Bestimmung des Menschen - Consideration to the destination of Man' is both regarded as a programmatic text of the german theology of Enlightenment and was a bestseller. It is also a substantial contribution to the anthropological turn in the middle of the 18th century. Doubtless there is no important person of history of thought in the second half of Enlightenment century, who ignored this book. It starts at the basic question of the human being to its own destination and tries to comprehend morality and religion as a function of the process of self-interpretation. The reception of Spaldings book in the debates of the second half of 18th century (Abbt, Mendelssohn, Kant) is sufficiently worked off. That's why my study is destined to a first extensive reconstruction of its genesis. It describes the developments from Spalding¿s texts of academic qualification, small articles until to the translations of two texts of the english philosopher Shaftesbury. Especially ponderosity lays on analysis in terms of the history of ideas and notions. In regard to the categorical dimension the study focuses the literary-rhetoric figure of soliloquy, the structure of destination-logic, the orientation at the thought of happiness, the epistemic function of the notion 'Empfindung (sensation)' and finally the consequences to a concept of religion.Finally the concept of Spalding would be inscribed in the context of current theological and philosophical debates about a constructional theory of religion and the renaissance of concepts of Destination, happiness, human dignity and the emotional dimension of the structure of religious awareness.The study brings off Spalding¿s Destination-book as an important contribution to the unfinished project of a modern understanding of Christianity and of an enlightened Protestantism.