Infant Regulatory Problems and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Behaviour and Cognitive Problems in Childhood and Young Adulthood

这个项目的目的是评估婴儿调节问题(RP)是否是几个功能领域失调轨迹的起点，从注意行为和认知问题到成年后的成熟表型。这将通过利用和扩大正在进行的从出生到成年的流行病学研究--巴伐利亚纵向研究(BLS，BEST)内的数据收集来进行调查。在婴儿期和学龄前对RP进行评估。在过渡到学龄(6.3岁和8.5岁)和青壮年(25至28岁)时，对行为、注意力和认知问题以及注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)的发生进行了评估。这项研究将测试三种替代模型，即多重和/或持续的RP和环境条件如何影响行为、注意力和认知问题，以及在学校和成人年龄发生ADHD：主效应模型、素质压力模型和差异易感性理论。此外，我们的目标是通过使用结构和功能磁共振成像(S/功能磁共振成像)来识别可能介导RP到调节障碍的神经通路。更具体地说，由于ADHD与调节问题有密切的重叠，我们预计RP也会出现类似的异常内在脑网络相互作用，这些相互作用集中在默认模式网络上，可能是注意力疏忽和相关调节失调的基础。以前的数据收集是由医疗保健基金资助的(赠款PKE 4和JUG 14)，目前针对一组生物高危儿童的数据收集是由医疗保健基金资助的(赠款01 ER 0801)。我们在这里要求提供资金，用于评估所有成年后有RP的受试者和没有RP的受试者，包括脑成像和进行数据分析。此外，我们处于独特的地位，可以使用芬兰Arvo Ylppö纵向研究(AYLS)交叉验证我们关于ADHD以及认知和行为问题的发现，AYLS是BLS的姊妹研究，它在儿童时期使用相同的评估，在成年时使用类似的结果评估。这一协同增效、成本效益高的项目将对确定儿童和成年早期的行为和认知问题以及ADHD的早期风险因素或标记作出独特贡献。这一发现可能会对预防战略、早期干预措施和卫生保健系统的成本产生重要影响。

The aim of this project is to evaluate whether infant regulatory problems (RP) are the starting point of a trajectory of dysregulation in several functional domains ranging from attention to behaviour and cognitive problems towards a mature phenotype in young adulthood. This will be investigated by utilizing and extending data collection within an on-going epidemiological study from birth to adulthood, the Bavarian Longitudinal Study (BLS, BESt). RP were assessed during infancy and preschool age. Behaviour, attention, and cognitive problems and the occurrence of an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were or are assessed at transition to school age (at 6.3 and 8.5 years) and in young adulthood (at 25 to 28 years of age). The study will test three alternative models of how multiple and/or persistent RP and environmental conditions affect behaviour, attention, and cognitive problems and the occurrence of ADHD at school and adult age: the main effect model, the Diathesis Stress Model, and the Differential Susceptibility Theory. Furthermore, we aim to identify neural pathways, which may mediate RP to dysregulation deficits, by the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (s/fMRI). More specifically, due to intimate overlap with regulation problems in ADHD, we expect for RP similarly aberrant intrinsic brain network interactions, which are centred on the default mode network and may underlie attentional lapses and related dysregulation. The previous data collection was funded by the BMBF (grant PKE 4 and JUG 14), and current data collection for a subgroup of biological at risk children is funded by the BMBF (grant 01 ER 0801). We are asking here for funding for assessing all subjects with former RP and controls without RP in adulthood including brain imaging and for conducting the data analysis. Moreover, we are in the unique position to cross validate our findings concerning ADHD and cognitive and behaviour problems using the Finnish Arvo Ylppö Longitudinal Study (AYLS), a sister study of the BLS, which employed identical assessments in childhood and similar outcome assessments in adulthood. This synergistically highly cost-effective project will make a unique contribution to the identification of early risk factors or markers of behaviour and cognitive problems and ADHD in childhood and early adulthood. The findings are likely to have important implications for prevention strategies, early intervention offers and costs of the health care system.