Microvariation in pronominal and verbal enclitics in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian. Empirical studies on spoken language, including dialects and heritage languages

阴蒂很特别。它们具有词形和词缀的形态学特征。在句法上，它们的特点是特定的词序规则，使它们与具有相同论元功能的其他短语区分开来。波斯尼亚、克罗地亚和塞尔维亚语（BCS）的附着点是第二位置效应（2 P原则）和附着点簇内序列化规则（模板原则）的基础。音系学是研究音系学、形态学、句法学和语用学之间分工的一个理想的测试案例，因此，相当多的理论著作都涉及到了BCS中的句法-音系学界面。然而，这些研究的特点是高度的数据减少。口语和变化没有考虑在内。作者也没有认识到气候系统是动态的。该项目旨在扩大BCS中代词和辅助词使用的经验数据库。它的重点是在口语品种的微观变化，不直接影响规定语料库规划。作为对微观比较语言学的贡献，该项目试图调和句法理论与方言学和遗产语言学。它旨在更好地理解附着句法的机制，并解释在密集的语言接触条件下的句法变化。 一个特别的重点是系统的分析的结构条件的附着体攀登的附着体移出的补充到矩阵子句。该项目采用语法的综合理解，允许语法性的梯度，考虑语义，上下文和语用因素，并依赖于广泛的数据基础。我们将分析：标准语言和口语变体中的爬音，标准口语变体中的爬音，包括德语方言和两种接触变体（德国第二代遗产使用者和罗马尼亚巴纳特散居者使用的BCS）。分析将基于语料库、研究文献和实地调查收集的数据（访谈辅以引出数据和测试），这些数据将用于验证关于附语句法的理论主张。该项目是对斯拉夫语和其他语言与clitics的微观比较研究的重要贡献。它有助于区分自然句法结构与规定性语料库规划的结果，并区分强制性和选择性句法特征。 除此之外，我们希望巩固的结果，关于clitic攀登，范围和变化的限制，最后，接触引起的变化的机制。

Clitics are special. They have morphonological properties of both word forms and affixes. Syntactically they are characterized by specific word order rules setting them apart from other phrases with the same argument function. Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian (BCS) clitics underlie the second position effect (2P principle) and serialization rules within the clitic cluster (template principle). Clitics are an ideal test case for the study of the division of labor between phonology, morphology, syntax and pragmatics; therefore, a considerable body of theoretical works has dealt with the syntax-phonology interface in BCS. These studies, however, are characterized by a high degree of data reduction. Spoken language and variation have not been taken into account. Nor do the authors recognize that clitic systems are dynamic. The project aims to broaden the empirical data base of the use of the pronominal and auxiliary enclitics in BCS. Its focus is on microvariation in spoken varieties which are not under the direct influence of prescriptive corpus planning. As a contribution to Microcomparative Syntax the project tries to reconcile syntactic theory with dialectology and heritage linguistics. It aims at a better understanding of the mechanisms of clitic syntax and at an explanation of syntactic change under the conditions of intensive language contact. A special focus is on the systematic analysis of the structural conditions of clitic climbing where clitics move out of the complement into the matrix clause. The project adopts an integrative understanding of grammar which allows for the gradience of grammaticality, which takes semantics, context and pragmatic factors into consideration and which relies on a broad data basis. We are going to analyse: Clitic climbing in the standard languages and in spoken varieties, Syntax of clitics in spoken standard varieties, including überdachte Dialekte and two contact varieties (BCS spoken by second generation heritage speakers in Germany and by diaspora speakers in Romanian Banat). The analysis will be based on data from corpora, the research literature and on data collected during fieldwork (interviews supplemented by elicited data and tests).These data will be used to verify theoretical claims concerning the syntax of clitics. The project is an important contribution to the Microcomparative Syntax of the Slavonic and other languages with clitics. It helps to distinguish between natural syntactic structures from results of prescriptive corpus planning and to distinguish between obligatory and optional syntactic features. Apart from that, we expect consolidated findings concerning clitic climbing, the range and the limits of variation and, finally, the mechanisms of contact induced change.