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Studies of Gender as Seen Through Pronominal Expressions

通过代词表达看待性别的研究

基本信息

批准号：
15520323
负责人：
KANZAKI Takaaki
金额：
$ 0.96万
依托单位：
Kwansei Gakuin University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15520323/
关键词：
gender pronoun anaphora

项目摘要

Gender studies have been conducted from various aspects since the latter part of the 1960s. In Japan, however, gender has not been extensively studied in comparison with western countries. The present study is an attempt to explore gender and pronominal expressions mainly from a sociolinguistic perspective.Feminist linguists often cite a chapter entitled "The Woman" in Jespersen (1922) as a typical work that is biased against women. I have, however, argued that contemporary criticisms of Jespersen as anti-feminist are unfounded, demonstrating that Jespersen's analysis of women's language is purely descriptive from a linguistic standpoint and is far from being anti-feminist. I have shown that "The Woman" represents a pioneering work in the history of gender studies for having successfully drawn attention to the unique characteristics of women's language.I have also attempted to discuss gender-neutral pronouns, called "epicene pronouns" in English. Once "he" was commonly used as a gender-neutral singular pronoun, but it is no longer so because of the criticism of feminists. I have shown various substitutes for "he" as a pronominal replacement for indefinite pronouns, such as everyone, and gender-neutral nouns, such as a speaker or a hearer, and have demonstrated that English is still in the transitional period for finding an appropriate gender-neutral third singular pronoun. Finally I have argued about the usage of man and chairman in detail.

自20世纪60年代后期以来，性别研究从各个方面进行。然而，与西方国家相比，日本尚未对性别进行广泛的研究。本研究主要从社会语言学的角度来探讨性别和代词表达。女性主义语言学家经常引用杰斯佩森（Jespersen，1922）中题为“女人”的一章作为典型的对女性有偏见的著作。然而，我认为当代对杰斯佩森反女权主义的批评是没有根据的，这表明杰斯佩森对女性语言的分析纯粹是从语言角度进行描述性的，远非反女权主义。我已经表明，《女人》成功地引起了人们对女性语言独特特征的关注，是性别研究史上的一项开创性工作。我还尝试讨论中性代词，英语中称为“epicene pronouns”。 “他”曾经被普遍用作中性单数代词，但由于女权主义者的批评，现在不再如此。我展示了“he”的各种替代词，作为不定代词（如“每个人”）和中性名词（如说话者或听者）的代词替代，并证明英语仍处于寻找合适的中性第三单数代词的过渡时期。最后对man和chairman的用法进行了详细论证。