A Fundamental Syntactico-Lexical Study of the System of Construction Types in French

本研究的主要目的是对各种句式的类型进行详细的分析和归类，以求有准确的使用频率。我们的主要语料库由《世界报》119天的社论组成。共有3000个例句(以句子为单位)。从频率来看，最重要的结构是及物性(1240次：42%)。尤其是有名词性宾语的有553次(18%)。带直接宾语和间接宾语的及物构式(a-N/Vinf：92次，de-N/Vinf：45次，N=名词，Vinf=不定式)也很常见。介词a和de在这里也是可以重选的。代词动词结构有185次，不及物结构(N-V；V=限定动词)有90次。被动句有201次。值得注意的是，被动结构与代词动词结构相互竞争。定语结构(除etre外)有104个实例。其中36个具有无穷大的护道作为属性。动词etre出现的频率很高(415次：14%，除非人称结构中的etre外)。非人称结构(包括非人称结构，但不包括助动词)共出现493例，超过16.7%，令人印象深刻。非人称结构有184例(带il)和69例(带分裂句ce)。在253个句式中，有147个(=184+69)含有Et。有动核但无主语功能的结构在我们的语料中可以忽略不计。非动词性结构有211个例子。其中119篇是社论标题。但与90个不及物例相比，剩下的类型(92次)仍然是频繁的。

The principal object of thie research is analyze and classify in detail various sentencial constructions' types and to have exact frequencies. Our main corpus is constituted of 119 days' editorials of the newspaper Le Monde. There are about 3000 examples (sentence as unit).From the point of view of frequency, the most important construction is overwhelmingly that transitivity (1240 occurrences : 42%). Particularly, the ones with a nominal object have 553 occurrences (18%). The transitive constructions with a direct object and an indirect object (a-N/Vinf : 92 occurrences, de-N/Vinf : 45 occurrences, N=noun, Vinf=infinitive) are also frequent.The constructions with an indirect object have 246 examples. The prepositions a and de are, here too, remarquable. The pronominal verb constructions have 185 occurrences.The intransitive construction (N-V ; V=finite verb) has 90 occurrences. The passive ones have 201 occurrences. It is interesting that the passive constructions compete with the pronominal verb constructions.The attributive constructions (except those with etre) have 104 examples. 36 among them have an infinite berb as an attribute. The verb etre is very frequent (415 occurrences : 14%, except etre in impersonal constructions). The total occcurrences of etre (including the impersonal ones but excluding the auxiliary uses) are 493 and exceed 16.7%, which is very impressive.The impersonal constructions have 184 examples (with il) and 69 examples (with ce of cleft sentences). 147 out of 253 (=184+69) are the ones with etre.The constructions with a verbal nucleus but without subject function can be neglected in our corpus.The non-verbal constructions have 211 examples. 119 of them are titles of editorials. But the remaining types (92 occurrences) are nevertheless frequent in comparison, for example, with the 90 intransitive examples.