Hydrogen detection with ChemCam on Mars: studies towards calibration and quantitative analysis with LIBS

美国宇航局火星科学实验室（MSL）的好奇号火星车包括ChemCam仪器，用于对火星表面进行元素分析，这是有史以来第一个在行星任务中使用的激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）仪器。LIBS是一种发射光谱技术，允许快速多元素分析。LIBS的主要优势之一是它能够探测到轻元素，如氢，这可能表明水的存在，这是宜居性的关键标准，这也是MSL任务的主要目标。在DFG项目的框架内，我们希望用最新的ChemCam数据专注于氢气探测。重点将放在从细粒和粗粒土壤、无处不在的水合尘埃，以及从选定的岩石类型和盐类（如硫酸盐）中检测氢，这些将在夏普山山麓遇到。计划在图卢兹复制ChemCam装置进行实验室研究，通过应用多变量分析技术，对火星数据中的氢信号进行校准和定量评估。图卢兹的主办机构与法国政府空间机构CNES （Centre national d’cims spatiales）共同开发了ChemCam激光望远镜，该望远镜安装在MSL的桅杆上部。它们与法国仪器火星行动中心一起积极参与正在进行的行动。

The NASA Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity includes the ChemCam instrument to provide elemental analysis of the martian surface, with the first Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument ever used on a planetary mission. LIBS is an emission spectroscopy technique and permits rapid multi-elemental analysis. One of the main advantages of LIBS is its ability to detect light elements such as hydrogen, which may indicate the presence of water, a key criterion for habitability, which is also addressed in the primary objectives of the MSL mission. Within the framework of the requested DFG project and the for two additional years extended mission we want to focus on hydrogen detection with the latest ChemCam data. Focus will be on hydrogen detection from fine and coarse-grained soils and the omnipresent hydrated dust as well as from selected rock types and salts, such as sulfates, which will be encountered at the foothills of Mt. Sharp. Laboratory studies with the replicate ChemCam set-up in Toulouse are planned to work towards a calibration and quantitative assessment of the hydrogen signal in the Mars data by applying multivariate analysis techniques. Together with the French government space agency CNES (Centre national d'études spatiales), the host institution in Toulouse has developed the laser-telescope of ChemCam, which is attached to the upper part of MSL's mast. With the FIMOC (French Instrument Mars Operation Centre) they are actively involved in the ongoing operations.