Flows and magnetic fields of sunspots at high spatial resolution

17世纪初在欧洲发现的太阳黑子一直是太阳上令人着迷的研究对象。它们的磁场与电离气体相互作用，产生了高度的结构，构成了天体物理等离子体中动态过程的范例。太阳黑子的暗影、丝状半影以及附近的磁场活动仍然是个谜。我们的知识有限，主要是因为观测的空间分辨率不够。然而，几年来，太阳望远镜配备了自适应光学(AO)，事后图像恢复已成为常规使用。我们小组的新发现，通过图像重建，但没有AO，给出了如何协调早期关于太阳黑子强度、磁场和速度波动的相互矛盾的描述的提示。2005年，特内里费岛上的德国太阳望远镜使用了新的二维Göttingen Fabry-Péro型光谱仪，大大改善了对太阳黑子的观测。这些观察结果得到了由Kiepenheuer-Institut/Freiburg提供的AO的支持。数据分析和解释的改进将导致以所需的高空间分辨率测量流速和磁场。因此，我们将有助于理解导致太阳黑子动态行为的机制。

Sunspots, detected in Europe in the early 17th century, have remained fascinating research objects on the Sun. Their magnetic fields, interacting with the ionized gas, give rise to high structuring and constitute a paradigm for the dynamic processes in astrophysical plasmas. Sunspots with their dark umbrae, with their filamentary penumbrae, and with their nearby magnetic activity, are still enigmatic. Our knowledge is limited mainly due to insufficient spatial resolution of the observations. Yet since few years, solar telescopes were equipped with Adaptive Optics (AO), and post-facto image restoration has become in regular use. New findings by our group, achieved with image reconstruction but without AO, gave hints on how to reconcile earlier, contradictory descriptions of the intensity, magnetic field, and velocity fluctuations in sunspots. Substantially improved observations of sunspots have been obtained in 2005 with the new two-dimensional ¿Göttingen¿ Fabry-Pérot spectrometer at the German solar telescope on Tenerife. The observations were supported by AO supplied by the Kiepenheuer-Institut/Freiburg. Refinements of data analysis and interpretation will lead to measurements of flow velocities and magnetic fields with the required high spatial resolution. We will thus contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms causing the dynamic behavior of sunspots.