Olympia (Greece) as a multi-dimensional space – a landscape archaeology approach to structure, interdependency and change of spatial networks

在奥林匹亚圣所的研究有着悠久的传统。尽管如此，其在区域环境中的整合还没有得到充分的研究。因此，启动了系统的景观考古项目（2015 - 2018）。一个独特的方面是，一个避难所，而不是一个城市，形成了该地区的中心。这一特点是否对区域结构有任何影响，必须与其他调查相比较加以审查。对奥林匹亚附近先前研究的更新导致了对聚落结构的第一次描述，对一个极度神圣的景观和（古）环境的巨大变化的可视化。对这些结果的详细评价、神话史与一般史的相关性以及澄清基本的古环境问题是该项目继续阶段（2019-2022）的主要问题。本研究旨在捕捉奥林匹亚周边地区因自然、社会政治、经济和文化条件而形成的结构、动态和多样性。这样就可以在区域和超区域范围内记录和评价不同时期的聚落形态及其变化。此外，调查结果与文学传统的比较将增加对社会政治组织，文化史和心理，神话和宗教观空间的认识水平。这可以用来生成神话和神圣纪念地形的时间顺序。通过对考古对象、文本证据和地质考古研究的综合分析，系统地研究了奥林匹亚周围可用的资源。在圣所内部使用当地资源也将在宗教环境中引领邪教生态。该保护区及其周边地区发展的一个重要因素是“水”的存在。在这方面，地质考古的重点将放在阿尔菲俄斯河上，特别是在项目第一阶段发现的“奥林匹亚湖”。对于保护区内部和景观的发展，这个湖被认为是最重要的。此外，地下水和地表水的作用将澄清保护区本身以及较低的Alpheios盆地，在那里发现了一个可能的河港。获得的结果将与圣所的发展进行比较，以确定邪教场所与农村环境之间的关系，以及它对文化历史景观的意义。项目目标的复杂性和研究领域的不同视角需要一个多方法的分析策略。这种复杂性反映在参与的核心学科：考古学、古代史和地理考古学上，这些学科遵循跨学科的综合研究方法。

The research at the sanctuary of Olympia has a long tradition. In spite of this, its integration within the regional environment has not yet been fully researched. Therefore, a systematic landscape archaeology project was initiated (2015 to 2018). A unique aspect is that a sanctuary, rather than a city, forms the centre of the region. Whether this peculiarity had any influence on the regional configuration has to be examined in comparison with other surveys.The update on previous research in the vicinity of Olympia resulted in the first characterization of settlement structures, the visualization of an extremely sacralyzed landscape and immense changes of the (palaeo-)environment.The detailed evaluation of these results, the correlation of the mythistory and general history as well as clarifying essential paleoenvironmental questions represent main issues of the continuation phase of the project (2019-2022).This research aims to capture the structure, dynamics and diversity of the surrounding area of Olympia due to natural, socio-political, economic and cultural conditions. This enables the recording and evaluation of the settlement patterns in different periods, as well as their changes, on a regional and supra-regional scale.In addition, the comparison of survey results with literary tradition will increase the level of knowledge about the socio-political organization, cultural history and mental, mythical and religious view on space. This can be used to generate a chronological order of mythological and sacral-memorial topographies. The resources available in the surrounding of Olympia are systematically studied through combined analysis of archaeological objects, textual evidence and geoarchaeological studies. The use of local resources within the sanctuary itself will also provide lead on cult ecology in the sacral environment.One important element for the development of the sanctuary and its environs is the presence of 'water'. In this respect, the geoarchaeological focus will be on the Alpheios River, and especially on the "Lake of Olympia", discovered during the first phase of the project. For the development of the sanctuary within and with the landscape, this lake is considered to be of outmost importance. Furthermore, the role of groundwater and surface water will be clarified for the sanctuary itself as well as for the lower Alpheios basin where a possible river port was discovered.The acquired results will be compared with the development of the sanctuary in order to determine the relationship between the cult place and rural surroundings as well as its significance for the cultural-historical landscape.The complexity of the project goals and different perspectives on the study area require a multi-methodological analytical strategy. This complexity is reflected through the core of participating disciplines: archeology, ancient history and geoarchaeology, which follow an integrative interdisciplinary research approach.