New Governance Arrangements and the Nation State: The Reconfiguration of Public Authority in Developing Countries

许多关于全球政策制定的文献目前都关注世界政治中权威的演变模式。这在国际气候政策中尤为明显，许多学者强调，随着其他参与者主导的新“权威领域”的出现，国家政府的权威逐渐丧失。由于这一政策领域存在监管缺口，许多新的“治理安排”在不同层面同时运作——有些是自上而下的，有些是自下而上的——以努力解决气候变化问题。然而，尽管进行了一些更广泛的描述和绘制地图的工作，并一再声称这种安排导致了新的角色和公共权力的转变，但我们对它们的运作几乎没有系统的了解，更不用说它们对政治行政系统的影响了。鉴于这些缺点，本研究项目着手探索不同类型的全球运营治理安排如何（以及在多大程度上）导致国家政府及其公共行政内部权力分配的变化。我们将重点关注两种程式化的安排：一种是自下而上的（即跨国城市网络），另一种是自上而下的（即减少森林砍伐和森林退化造成的排放，REDD+）。本研究项目的主要目的是分析新出现的气候治理安排是否会导致参与国家内部不同层次政治和行政决策的公共权力重新配置，以及就实际决策而言，其后果是什么。

Much of the literature on global policy-making is currently concerned with the evolving patterns of authority in world politics. This is particularly evident in international climate policy where a number of scholars have highlighted the gradual loss of authority by national governments with the emergence of new 'spheres of authority' dominated by other players. Due to the existence of a regulatory gap in this policy area, a number of new 'governance arrangements' operate simultaneously at different levels - some top-down, others bottom-up - in their efforts to address the problem of climate change. Yet, despite several broader descriptions and mapping exercises, and the repeated claim that such arrangements have led to new roles and transformed public authority, we have little systematic knowledge about their workings, let alone their impact on the political-administrative systems. Given these shortcomings, this research project sets out to explore how (and how far) different types of globally operating governance arrangements have led to changes in the distribution of authority within national governments and their public administration. We will focus on two stylized arrangements: one that operates bottom-up (i.e. Transnational City Networks, TCNs) and another that operates top-down (i.e. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, REDD+). The primary objective of this research project is to analyze whether newly emerging climate governance arrangements lead to a reconfiguration of public authority across different levels of political and administrative decision-making within participating nation states, and what the consequences are in terms of actual policy-making.