Producing heritage: the city planning of Gustavo Giovannoni and Theodor Fischer in Italy and Germany between 1889 and 1929

现代保护运动目前被视为对工业化和历史遗迹拆除的回应（Miles Glendinning: The conservation movement, 2013）。这种反应导致了保护和保护列入名单的历史建筑的当局的实施。另一方面，它引导了一种城市规划实践，至少在某些情况下，它尊重历史建筑和某些街道和广场的形状。拟议的项目旨在审查后者。来自罗马的Gustavo Giovannoni是城市规划方式的先驱，他将建筑遗产作为在历史城区内进行重建过程的关键。利用他的规划工具diradamento，他渴望将历史建筑的修复与被视为艺术的城市规划结合起来，同时将城市规划视为工程和建筑实践。作为一名建筑师，他致力于将城市的特色从旧城区转移到新城区，从而发展城市。在同一时期，西奥多·菲舍尔（Theodor Fischer）是慕尼黑城市扩展办事处的负责人。他认为城市扩展与Giovannoni类似，就像现有城市的扩展（Helen Meller：欧洲城市1890-1930,2001）。菲舍尔是德国现代自然保护运动的一员。他为慕尼黑设计的工作人员计划在世界各地的城市规划展览会上展出。和古斯塔沃·乔瓦诺尼一样，他也是一位很有影响力的建筑和城市规划老师，并在斯图加特和慕尼黑的科技大学授课。两位架构师之间最重要的共同点是他们对跨学科思考的兴趣。然而，对他们工作的研究往往受到建筑史、规划史或保护科学的限制。该研究项目希望以Theodor Fischer和Gustavo Giovannoni的城市规划为基础，分析城市遗产的传统作为一种规划方法，用于内城街区的再开发。Giovannoni和Fischer选择了建筑环境的哪些部分作为遗产，哪些设计技术被用来强调建筑和遗址作为纪念碑或历史街区？意大利和德国在历史上对遗产进行了高度细致的讨论，尤其是在城市规划方面。这一事实在国际辩论中被低估了。申请人希望能够以国际视野改写欧洲部分城市保护历史，同时为历史城市的未来规划提供新的见解。

The modern conservation movement is currently seen as a response to industrialization and demolition of historic monuments (Miles Glendinning: The Conservation Movement, 2013). This reaction lead to the implementation of authorities for the preservation and conservation of listed historic buildings. It lead on the other hand to a town-planning practice, which respected historic buildings and the shapes of certain streets and squares, at least in some cases. The proposed project seeks to examine the latter. Gustavo Giovannoni acted from Rome as a pioneer of a way of city planning, which used the built heritage as a key of conducting a redevelopment process within a historic urban quarter. Using his planning instrument diradamento he aspired to combine the restoration of historic buildings with town planning seen as an art on the one hand and town planning regarded as engineering and construction practice on the other hand. As an architect he pursued to develop the city by carrying the city s character from the old parts to new quarters of the city. In the same period, Theodor Fischer was head of Munich s city extension office. He perceived city extensions, similar to Giovannoni, just as that: extensions of the existing city (Helen Meller: European cities 1890-1930s, 2001). Fischer was part of the German modern conservation movement. His Staffelbauplan for Munich was shown at town planning exhibitions worldwide. Like Gustavo Giovannoni he was an influential teacher of architecture and city planning and gave lectures at the Universities for Technology in Stuttgart and Munich. The most important communality between the two architects is their interest in thinking across disciplines. Yet, research on their work was often restricted by boundaries of Architectural History, Planning History or Conservation Sciences. The research project wants to analyze the tradition of urban heritage as a planning approach on the basis of Theodor Fischer s and Gustavo Giovannoni s city plannings for the redevelopment of inner city quarters. Which parts of the built environment were selected by Giovannoni and Fischer as heritage and which design techniques were used to accentuate buildings and sites as monuments or historic districts? Italy and Germany are bound by a history of highly elaborate heritage debates, especially respecting the city planning context. This fact has been underestimated in the international debate. The applicant hopes to be able to re-write parts of Europe s history of urban preservation by using an international perspective and simultaneously provide new insights for future planning of the historic city.