The Polish Dative as a test case for linguistic theory

该项目研究了Pol[ish]与Ice[landic]和Ru[ssian]中Datives（DAT）的共时和短期历时句法，及其对一般语言学理论的影响。DAT格是一种在形态学、语义学和句法学的界面上特别具有启发性的现象。它出现在（i）间接宾语;（ii）及物（不）动词的兼性论元上（“自由与格”）;（三）心理/物理状态谓词，情态动词，派生的经验者（REFL[exive]）decausatives and impersonals;（iv）secondary predicates in（Ru和Pol）嵌入式不定式;（v）Ru中的主要从句不定式（MCI）和Polo中的相关结构。其中，（iii）部分涉及词汇因素，部分涉及结构因素，涉及论元结构变异和素质问题。此外，（iii）-（v）显示了密切相关的语言（Pol和Ru）之间在语法上的差异，但在基因上不相关的语言（Pol和Ice）之间却有令人惊讶的共同点。令人惊讶的是，Pol中的中间体/模仿者的相关亚型在很短的时间内（< 200年）进化; Ice目前正在经历类似的发展（Maling & Sigurjónsdóttir 2002）。虽然以前的处理集中在概念语义核心的DAT，跨语言的变化和变化的事实下（i）-（v）要求一个明确的，参数化的句法分析。我们将通过语言可接受性的实验研究和语料库语言学方法分析给定的现象及其经验变化，同时考虑到生产力的测量等。然后，我们将提供一个句法分析DAT许可。最后，我们将用短期历时变化的事实来检验这一理论的预测。格理论的最新进展促进了这项研究- Nanosyntax（Jablonska 2007; Caha 2009）-当前斯拉夫语形态句法研究中最具活力的领域之一，以及对句法宾语前置性质的研究（Bailyn 2003，Witkos 2008）。该项目的关键在于将Pol团队的能力（句法理论，运动条件，格许可和论点结构[AS]）与德国团队的能力（主题和AS，历时句法，语料库语言学，Pol vs. Ru和Ice）联系起来。

The project investigates the synchronic and short-term diachronic syntax of Datives (DAT) in Pol[ish] as compared to Ice[landic] and Ru[ssian], and its implications for general linguistic theory. DAT Case is a particularly revealing phenomenon at the interface of morphology, semantics, and syntax. It occurs on (i) indirect objects; (ii) facultative arguments of (in)transitives ("free datives"); (iii) experiencers of psychological/physical state predicates, modals, derived (REFL[exive]) decausatives and impersonals; (iv) secondary predicates in (Ru and Pol) embedded infinitives; (v) Main Clause Infinitives (MCI) in Ru and, marginally, related constructions in Pol. Among these, (iii) involves partly lexical, partly structural factors, and relates to issues of argument-structural variation and diathesis. Moreover, (iii)-(v) show differences in grammaticality between closely related languages (Pol and Ru), but surprising commonalities between genetically unrelated languages (Pol and Ice). Strikingly, the relevant subtypes of middles/impersonals in Pol evolved within a short time frame (< 200 years); Ice is currently undergoing a similar development (Maling & Sigurjónsdóttir 2002). While previous treatments focus on the conceptual semantic core of DATs, the facts of cross-linguistic variation and change under (i)-(v) call for an explicit, parametric syntactic analysis. We will analyze the given phenomena and their empirical variation through experimental studies of linguistic acceptability and corpus-linguistic methods, taking into account, among others, measures of productivity. Then we will provide a syntactic analysis of DAT licensing. Finally, we will test the predictions of this theory against the facts of short-term diachronic change. The research is facilitated by recent advances in Case Theory - Nanosyntax (Jablonska 2007; Caha 2009) - one of the most dynamic areas of current Slavic morphosyntax research, as well as by work on the nature of syntactic object preposing (Bailyn 2003, Witkos 2008). The project crucially relies on linking up the competences of the Pol team (syntactic theory, conditions on movement, case licensing and argument structure [AS]) with those of the German team (subjects and AS, diachronic syntax, corpus linguistics, Pol vs. Ru and Ice).