Coordination Funds

在这个优先计划中，将在非相对论体系中研究强微扰量子系统的动力学，并在飞秒和阿秒时间尺度上定制辐射场。通过结合实验和理论专业知识，并汇集光学，量子动力学和化学领域，该计划旨在实现里程碑，如控制和观察亚飞秒电荷迁移或基于激光的识别和操纵手性分子。主要关注气相系统，以便在最小环境干扰的情况下观察微观现象。在原子物理方面，该计划的基本问题是多电子相互作用和光诱导动力学之间的相互作用以及经典和量子物理之间的边界。激光诱导电离的阿秒时间结构可以用一系列方法进行分析，这些方法超出了现有的阿秒和双色高谐波光谱方法，并将这些方法扩展到多电子动力学。强场区中的电子自旋，特别是激光电离产生自旋极化电子是一个可能的研究课题，而强周期、多色和偏振控制光脉冲中的分子系统物理是一个尚未探索的领域。其中一个目的是研究超快电荷迁移的发射和观察，这是一种比核运动更快的电子效应。电子波包动力学可以用定制的光来控制，例如通过利用光分子相互作用的波长依赖性来抑制或增强多轨道动力学或揭示来自中红外辐射的光电子光谱中的低能结构。激光诱导分子取向可以建立和应用，在化学领域，定制领域为通过非共振和共振动态斯塔克位移控制化学动力学，以阿秒精度跟踪电子动力学以及识别手性分子的绝对构型提供了新的机会。通过选择合适的场对分子进行高次谐波光谱分析，有可能实现亚原子尺度上的结构和动力学的超快成像。强定制场在量子力学（即非等离子体）体系中的固态系统和团簇中的应用存在许多悬而未决的问题。非常规介质中的强场过程，如掺杂纳米颗粒的爆炸液滴和激光诱导细丝中的强场过程，意味着新的前景，如替代阿秒脉冲源和非均匀近场中的高次谐波产生。

In this Priority Programme, the dynamics of strongly perturbed quantum systems is to be investigated in the nonrelativistic regime with tailored radiation fields on the femtosecond and attosecond time scale. By combining experimental and theoretical expertise and bringing together the fields of optics, quantum dynamics and chemistry, the programme aims to achieve milestones such as the control and observation of subfemtosecond charge migration or the laser-based recognition and manipulation of chiral molecules. The main focus lies on gas-phase systems, in order to watch microscopic phenomena with minimal disturbance by their environment.On the atomic physics side of this programme, fundamental issues are the interplay between multielectron interactions and light-induced dynamics as well as the boundary between classical and quantum physics. The attosecond temporal structure of laser-induced ionization may be analysed with a range of approaches going beyond existing attoclock and two-colour high-harmonic spectroscopy methods and extending these methods to multielectron dynamics. The electron spin in the strong-field regime, in particular the generation of spin-polarized electrons from laser ionization is a possible subject of study.The physics of molecular systems in intense few-cycle, multicolour and polarization controlled light pulses is a mostly unexplored territory. One aim is to investigate the launch and observation of ultrafast charge migration ¿ an electronic effect occurring faster than nuclear motion. Electron wave-packet dynamics can be controlled with tailored light, for example by exploiting the wave-length dependence of light-molecule interactions to suppress or enhance multiorbital dynamics or to reveal the low-energy structure in photoelectron spectra from mid-infrared irradiation. Laser-induced orientation of molecules may be established and used for applications.In the realm of chemistry, tailored fields hold new opportunities for controlling chemical dynamcs by nonresonant and resonant dynamic Stark shifts, tracing electron dynamics with attosecond precision and for the recognition of the absolute configuration of chiral molecules. Via high-harmonic spectroscopy of molecules with suitably chosen fields, it may be possible to achieve ultrafast imaging of structure and dynamics on the sub-atomic length scale.The application of strong tailored fields to solid-state systems and clusters in a quantum mechanical, i.e. non-plasma, regime holds many open questions. Strong-field processes in unconventional media such as exploding droplets doped with nanoparticles and in laser-induced filaments imply new perspectives such as alternative attosecond pulse sources and high-harmonic generation in inhomogeneous near fields.Proposals for this Priority Programme should take the control of microscopic processes with light to a new level, both in terms of temporal and spatial resolution as well as regarding the investigated systems.