Characterization and retrieval of atmospheric parameters of terrestrial extrasolar planets around cool host stars

确定热的超级地球(SE)围绕M矮星运行的大气的特征是寻找类似地球的世界的下一个合乎逻辑的步骤。主要的挑战是(1)探索可能的条件范围(温度、压力、成分等)。以及(2)从光谱观测中恢复大气状态。我们的目标是改进和应用(1)我们的(化学-对流-气候)程序来研究宜居带内边缘附近的大气；以及2)用于病态逆问题的通用解算器来从光谱估计大气参数。人们对东南方向系外行星大气知之甚少；因此，提取代码应该是灵活的。因此，气候模拟将有助于提供一个综合观测库，其中包括预期的各种光谱和作为初始猜测或约束的大气状态的先验估计。结合我们的专业知识，我们将解决以下问题：哪些是影响气候、宜居性和生物特征的关键参数，大气光谱将是什么样子，以及光谱可以检索哪些信息？

Characterizing atmospheres of hot Super-Earth (SE) orbiting M-dwarf stars is the next logical step in the search for Earth-like worlds. The main challenges are (1) to explore the range of possible conditions (temperature, pressure, composition etc.) and (2) to retrieve the state of the atmosphere from spectroscopic observations. We aim to refine and apply (1) our (chemistry-convection-climate) code to study atmospheres near the inner edge of the habitable zone; and 2) versatile solvers for the ill-posed inverse problem to estimate atmospheric parameters from spectra. Very little is known about SE exoplanet atmospheres; the retrieval code should therefore be flexible. Accordingly climate modeling will help to provide a library of synthetic observations encompassing the large variety of spectra to be expected and a priori estimates of the atmospheric state serving as initial guess or constraints. Combining our expertise, we will address the questions: which are the key parameters affecting climate, habitability, and biosignatures, what will atmospheric spectra look like, and what information can be retrieved by spectroscopy?