'Ritual feasting' in the Late Bronze Age in the northwestern Carpathian area -archaeological and scientific aspects

由于在罗马尼亚西北部的拉普斯山谷完整挖掘了一座多阶段的青铜时代晚期邪教建筑，发现了一种迄今为止未知的纪念碑类型。它揭示了一个复杂的地层学，提供了对复杂的仪式行为的洞察。该遗址考古记录中揭示的仪式的一个重要方面是宴会活动的沉淀，可能是一个更大的群体。它们是在多阶段的邪教建筑和其他类似结构的土丘附近发现的，这可以通过地磁调查来识别。应用程序的目标是在微观和超区域背景下重建这些宴会和相应的祭祀活动的特征和程度。以前的挖掘项目的评估和复杂的分析并不是目前的建议的一部分。由于仪式暴力，在仪式宴会活动中使用的陶器经历了严重和故意的破碎过程。由于陶瓷发现的这种高度碎片化的特征，该项目打算开发新的方法方法，以便从考古，即文化历史和统计的角度分析材料。在广泛的恢复工作、微地层观测和放射性碳年代模拟的基础上，重复的盛宴仪式的顺序和频率将被分解为单独的年代可分离的事件。为了准确了解仪式餐的性质，将进行残留物分析；植物宏观化石分析和动物骨骼分析也将进行。项目的另一部分包括在Maramures县西部Bicaz地点进行地磁调查。它应该澄清在拉普斯河谷上游的发现是否真的可以被认为是例外，或者这里是否也可以辨认出类似宴会的痕迹。我们期望，迄今为止我们对青铜时代晚期喀尔巴阡地区的仪式盛宴及其长期联系等仪式行为的了解将得到改善。

Due to the complete excavation of a multiphase Late Bronze Age cult building in the Lapus-Valley of north-western Romania a hitherto unknown type of monument was discovered. It revealed a complex stratigraphy which offered an insight into intricate ritual behavior. A crucial aspect of the rituals revealed in the archaeological record of this site were deposits of feasting activities, presumably for a larger group of people. They were found in the immediate vicinity of the multi-phased cult building and other similarly structured mounds, as could be recognized as a result of geomagnetic surveys. It is the objective of the application to reconstruct the character and extent of these banquets and the depending sacrificial activities in a micro- and supra-regional context. The evaluation and complex analyses of a former excavation project are not part of the proposal at hand.Due to ritual violence the pottery used during the ritual feasting activities underwent a process of severe and deliberate fragmentation. Because of this highly fragmented character of the ceramic findings the project intends to develop new methodological approaches in order to analyze the material from an archaeological, i.e. cultural historical as well as statistical perspective.On the basis of extensive restoration work, micro-stratigraphic observations and by means of the modelling of radiocarbon dates the sequence and frequency of the repetitive feasting rituals shall be resolved into individual chronologically separable events. To gain accurate insights into the nature of the ritual meals, residue analyzes will be carried out; botanical macro fossil analyses and the analyses of animal bones will be done as well. An additional project part comprises of a geomagnetic survey at the site of Bicaz in the western part of the county of Maramures. It should clarify whether the findings in the upper Lapus valley can actually be considered as exceptional or if also here traces of comparable banquets can be discerned.We expect that our hitherto unsatisfactory knowledge of ritual behavior such as ritual feasting in the Late Bronze Age Carpathian area and its long-ranging connectivity be will improved.