Biogenic amines in silages: formation, impact on preference behaviour andmetabolism by ruminants

青贮料是反刍动物饮食中的重要成分。在青贮过程中，发生了许多发酵过程，这可能会对饲料的质量以及动物对饲料的接受和摄食行为产生相当大的影响。作为蛋白质分解和去裂解过程产物的生物胺的形成具有特殊的相关性。结果表明，在饲料中系统地添加生物胺，无论是口服还是腔内应用，都会扰乱动物的摄食行为和代谢。在这个项目中，将生产含有不同生物胺含量的青贮料(黑麦草、红三叶和紫花苜蓿)，并在反刍动物的偏好试验中进行测试。因此，关于在自然条件下形成的生物胺对取食行为的影响的新信息将被收集。在此基础上，可以在新的背景下判断蛋白质分解代谢物和解解性代谢物作为抑制采食量因素的相关性。为了能够说明生物胺的含量及其模式的发展，对青贮前、青贮期间和青贮后的植物材料进行了采样和分析。随后，将含有相当高水平生物胺的青贮饲料再次生产出来，并喂给哺乳的奶山羊。将对瘤胃液、血浆、粪便和牛奶进行生物胺分析。这使得能够跟踪生物胺的命运和代谢，从植物到青贮料再到肠道消化。这项尝试的主要目的是量化生物胺代谢的每个子步骤，并分析与饲料摄入量的潜在相关性。这一知识的获得可望有助于量化蛋白质分解作用相对于生物胺形成的相关性。

Silage is an important ingredient in the diet of ruminants. During ensilage numerous fermentation processes occur, which may have a considerable impact on the quality of the feed and its acceptance by and feed intake behavior of the animals. The formation of biogenic amines as products of proteolytic and desmolytic processes is of specific relevance. It was shown that systematic addition of biogenic amines to the feed, oral or intraruminal application to the animal disturbed feeding behavior and metabolism. In this project silages (ryegrass, red clover and lucerne) with varying contents of biogenic amines will be produced and tested in preference trials with ruminants. Thus, new information about the effects of biogenic amines formed under natural conditions on the feeding behavior will be gathered. Based on this, the relevance of proteolytic and desmolytic metabolites as factors which inhibit the feed intake can be judged on a new background. To be able to illustrate the development of the contents of biogenic amines and their patterns, the plant material is sampled and analyzed before, during and after ensiling. Subsequently the silages, which contained comparable high levels of biogenic amines, are produced again and fed to lactating dairy goats. Ruminal fluid, blood plasma, faeces and milk will be analyzed for biogenic amines. This enables to track the fate and metabolism of biogenic amines from the plant through ensilage to intestinal digestion. The main purpose of this attempt is to quantify biogenic amines in each sub-step of their metabolism and to analyze potential correlations to feed intake. This knowledge gain can be expected to contribute to the quantification of the relevance of a gradual reduction of proteolysis relative to formation of biogenic amines.