Ahasver's Heirs. The "Wandering Jew" in German 19th Century Literature

从18世纪末到世纪的前三分之一，亚哈随鲁这个“流浪的犹太人”的性格在欧洲尤其是德国文学中引起了相当大的关注。然而，它从来没有达到一个标准的形式。自世纪中期以来，一直有文献学的尝试，以明确界定亚哈随鲁文学人物不仅在其身份作为一个原型的“陌生人”和“其他”，而且在一个适当的诗歌形式。与以往的研究相比，本研究从三个方面修正了对《流浪的犹太人》的人物和叙事的看法。首先，焦点从一个总是已经构成的人物转移到亚哈随鲁这个人物的历史起源和转变，到一个只允许“陌生人”和“自己人”之间对抗的身份的诗意处理和建模。其结果不仅是预期的自我和他人的相互依赖，而且亚哈随鲁与一些传统上被认为是“德国”的人物，如浮士德或浪漫的流浪者，有着明显的家族相似性。其次，这些相似性不仅来自于内容或动机的巧合，而且还涉及到亚哈随鲁在19世纪德国文学中漫游时所经历的文学形式。特别注意的是，从而给予备受讨论的问题，诗歌体裁，这将使它有可能给犹太流浪者至少一个文学的地方停留。与以前的研究相比，这个项目的目的不是概述一套最喜欢的流派。相反，它分析的标准，结构和叙事的排斥，阻碍了亚哈随鲁的文学生涯，例如，在史诗或悲剧。第三，我们必须区分流浪者的主体和主体的流浪。一方面，亚哈随鲁越来越多地出现在19世纪文学之外的理论话语中（例如马克思、尼采、弗洛伊德和齐美尔）。另一方面，除了这个角色所表现出的反犹暗示以及犹太人和其他人对它的排斥之外，人们还可以发现令人惊讶的认同效应，无论是在德意志民族主义中--当时它还没有找到自己的领土家园--还是在犹太人作为一个不可改变的散居者的现代性的自我反思中。因此，这个项目的总体目标是探讨Ahasuerus作为身份建设的对象，正式整合和身份适应在19世纪的德国文学，话语的动态显然不能充分描述使用常见的区别，如“陌生人”与“自己的”。

From the last third of the 18th to the first third of the 20th century the character of Ahasuerus, the "Wandering Jew", has attracted considerable attention in European but particularly in German literature. However, it has never arrived at a canonical form. Ever since the mid-19th century, there have been philological attempts to clearly define the Ahasuerus literary figure not only in its identity as a prototypical "stranger" and "other" but also in an adequate poetic form. Compared to earlier research, this project corrects the perspective on the character and narrative of the "Wandering Jew" in three respects. Firstly, the focus shifts from an always already constituted figure to the historical genesis and transformation of the character Ahasuerus, to the poetic processing and modeling of an identity that only permits a confrontation between the "stranger" and "one's own". What results is not only the expected interdependence of self and other but also Ahasuerus' distinct family resemblance to some characters traditionally regarded as "German", such as Faust or the Romantic wanderer. Secondly, these similarities do not just derive from content or motivic coincidences but also concern the literary forms that Ahasuerus has passed through on his wanderings in 19th-century German literature. Particular attention is thereby given to the much-discussed question of the poetic genre that would make it possible to give the Jewish wanderer at least a literary place to stay. In contrast to older studies, this project does not aim to outline a set of favorite genres. Instead, it analyzes the criteria for the structural and narrative exclusions that have thwarted Ahasuerus' literary career, for instance, in epic or tragedy. Thirdly, one must distinguish between the subject of the wanderer and the wandering of the subject. On the one hand, Ahasuerus appears increasingly in 19th-century theoretical discourses beyond literature (e.g. Marx, Nietzsche, Freud and Simmel). On the other hand, besides the anti-Semitic insinuations so well served by the character and their rejection by Jews and others, one can also identify surprising identificational effects, both in German nationalism - which had not yet found its territorial homeland - and in the self-reflection of Jewish modernity as an irrevocable Diaspora. Thus the overall objective of this project is to explore the literary character Ahasuerus as an object of identity construction, formal integration and identificatory adaptation in 19th-century German literature, the discursive dynamics of which clearly cannot be adequately described using common differential distinctions such as that of the "stranger" versus "one's own".