Rhetoric of/in the phenomenology. Speech and language in Edmund Husserl and in Martin Heidegger's early works

致力于哲学和修辞学之间的相互关系，这个研究项目侧重于哲学的修辞，分别为哲学服务的修辞。修辞在这里并不被理解为仅仅是一种漂亮话的艺术或诡辩：这个术语首先将言语和说服定义为人类自发的、前理论的和交流的能力;其次，这种能力的定期和系统的使用;最后，说服技术本身。本文从概念和语言使用两个方面探讨现象学的修辞学：胡塞尔《逻辑学的发现》中对修辞学的厌恶和海德格尔《存在与时代》中对修辞学的喜爱是本文的出发点。首先，我将概述胡塞尔和海德格尔各自的语言概念，并仔细研究他们的相互影响，以重建转移，延续和反响的网络，这是两位作者之间关系的特征。在这一点上，我将仔细考察在胡塞尔后期的著作中重新回归的、在《逻辑学研究》中被排除在外的交往性言语是如何在身体现象学、主体间性和生活世界的语境中进行协商的。第二步，我将考察胡塞尔和海德格尔是否以及如何反思语言的使用：语言因此成为现象学描述的媒介。在此过程中，特别注意修辞手段，它在科学和理论的构成和断言中发挥着核心作用。

Dedicated to the interrelation between philosophy and rhetoric, this research project focuses on the rhetoric of philosophy, respectively a rhetoric at the service of philosophy. Rhetoric is not understood here as a mere art of fine words or as sophistry: The term defines, firstly, speech and persuasion as a spontaneous, pretheoretical and communicative ability of humans; secondly, the regular and systematic use of this ability; and finally, the technique of persuasion itself. The proposed project discusses the rhetoric of phenomenology in two respects, namely, as conception and as use of language: The aversion of rhetoric in Edmund Husserl´s Logische Untersuchungen and Heidegger´s affinity for rhetoric in Sein und Zeit provide the starting point. Initially, I will outline the respective conceptions of language in Husserl and Heidegger, and scrutinize their mutual influences in order to reconstruct the network of transfer, continuation, and repercussion that characterizes the relation between both authors. In this regard, I will carefully examine how the aspect of communicative speech, which was excluded in the Logische Untersuchungen but returns in Husserl´s later writings, is negotiated in the context of the phenomenology of body, intersubjectivity, and lifeworld. In a second step, I will investigate if and how Husserl and Heidegger themselves reflect on the use of language: The language thus becomes topical as the medium of phenomenological description. In doing this, particular attention is given to the rhetorical means, which play a central role in the constitution and assertion of science and theory.