In situ tracer measurements with HAGAR-V during the HALO mission WISE and UTLS transport analysis based on POLSTRACC/GW-LCYCLE/SALSA and WISE tracer data

在这个项目的框架内，我们建议i)在2017年夏季的Halo WISE任务期间使用新的Hagar-V仪器对一套示踪剂进行现场测量，以及ii)对在WISE期间和2015/16年冬季POLSTRACC/GW-LCYCLE/SALSA任务期间获得的Hagar-V示踪剂数据进行科学分析。Hagar-V结合了NDIR分析仪的快速二氧化碳测量，一个双通道GC/ECD系统测量长寿命示踪剂(N2O，CH4，F12，F11，H1211，SF6，H2每90天(S每90次)和一个针对短暂示踪物(S每90次NMHC和氯代烃)的双通道GC/MS系统，其在中纬度对流层顶的当地寿命从几天到不到一年不等。由于它们的化学时间尺度不同，这些示踪剂的分布提供了关于输送和混合的时间尺度的补充信息；甚至有可能根据这种观测经验得出平流层输送时间谱(“年龄谱”)。对Hagar-V示踪剂数据的分析将有助于POLSTRAC、SALSA和WISE的科学专题，因为这些飞行任务的一些目标与超大规模毁灭性武器系统的运输有关。特别是，将确定来自不同来源区域(极地涡旋、中纬度平流层、热带过渡层、亚洲季风区)的空气比例。最重要的是计算来自SF6和(在上层LMS中)来自二氧化碳的空气的平均年龄。此外，经验年龄谱将利用二氧化碳季节变化的信息，更重要的是，从短暂的Hagar-V示踪剂中得出。不同寿命的示踪剂种类繁多，还可以对UTLS中的水平输送和混合进行详细的过程表征。这包括通过识别来自不同区域的缠绕的细丝并评估它们的传输时间来调查Rossby波的传输。这种细丝与周围平流层的演化和不可逆混合将通过(非线性)示踪曲线中的所谓混合线来研究。其他目标包括验证Gloria红外成像仪，它观察到许多Hagar-V物种，以及验证化学传输模型，特别是拉格朗日文蛤模型。

In the frame of this project we propose i) in situ measurements of a suite of tracers with the new HAGAR-V instrument during the HALO WISE mission in summer 2017, and ii) scientific analysis of HAGAR-V tracer data obtained during WISE and during the POLSTRACC/GW-LCYCLE/SALSA mission in winter 2015/16. HAGAR-V combines a fast CO2 measurement by NDIR analyzer, a 2-channel GC/ECD-system measuring long-lived tracers (N2O, CH4, F12, F11, H1211, SF6, H2 every 90 s) and a 2-channel GC/MS system targeting short-lived tracers (NMHCs and chlorinated hydrocarbons every 90 s) with local lifetimes at the midlatitude tropopause ranging from several days to just under a year. Owing to their different chemical time scales, the distributions of these tracers provide complementary information on time scales of transport and mixing; it is even possible to empirically derive the spectrum of stratospheric transport times ("age spectrum") from such observations. The analysis of the HAGAR-V tracer data will contribute to the scientific topics of POLSTRACC, SALSA and WISE by addressing a number of these missions' objectives relating to UTLS transport. In particular, fractions of air from different regions of origin (polar vortex, mid-latitude stratosphere, tropical transition layer, Asian monsoon region) will be determined. Of central importance is the calculation of the mean age of air from SF6 and (in the upper LMS) from CO2. In addition, empirical age spectra will be derived using information from the CO2 seasonal variation and, more importantly, from the short-lived HAGAR-V tracers. The variety of tracers of different lifetimes also allows for a detailed process characterization of horizontal transport and mixing in the UTLS. This involves investigation of Rossby wave transport by identifying filaments entrained from different regions and assessing their transport time. The evolution and irreversible mixing of such filaments with the surrounding stratosphere will be investigated by so-called mixing lines in (non-linear) tracer-tracer curves. Additional goals include the validation of the GLORIA IR-imager, which observes many of the HAGAR-V species, and the validation of chemistry transport models, in particular the Lagrangian CLaMS model.