Urban planners, their daily routines and decisions. The empirical analysis of everyday action of urban planners as theoretical approach to reflect on the understanding and conception of planning and to advance planning theories

城市规划者在日常工作中往往不得不做出决定，而这些决定并不总是经过透明、客观和理性的考虑。相比之下，个人价值观和经验、体制规范和环境以及社会经济和社会人口状况在协商过程中发挥着重要作用--例如，关于哪些公共和非营利产品必须由城市规划保障和维护的问题。然而，城市规划者在日常工作中执行哪些任务、角色和职能，他们如何在实践中做出决定，以及他们如何(在道德或伦理上)证明这些是合理的，这在很大程度上仍然没有得到探索。到目前为止，很少有基于经验的研究集中在城市规划师的日常工作和实践上，同时导致对当前规划理论的反思。这尤其适用于德语国家关于城市规划的理论考虑。其结果是，规划理论不再与规划实践相对应，人们对城市规划作为一门学科的区别、城市规划师在规划过程各个阶段执行的任务或活动以及城市规划和规划决策的核心构成有不同的看法和看法。因此，城市规划作为概念或学科的解释是相当不同的，其结果是，对“规划”一词没有共同的理解，该学科内部的自我认知，包括来自科学和实践的代表，正在疏远。这可以被解释为规划理论的一个弱点，因为它不能解释城市规划的效果或“行动模式”，不能理解利益相关者和使用者的反应，不能考虑规划机构、规划过程和“规划文化”之间的关系，也不能解释咨询过程中行动、价值和利益的协调，这仍然是一种“黑箱”。在此背景下，本研究项目的目标是通过实证分析城市规划师的规划实践和日常工作，帮助(关键的)反思和区分城市规划的自我概念。这是基于三个维度：(1)规划师作为代理人；(2)城市规划师在规划过程中的任务和作用；(3)规划是城市规划师务实决策和情景判断的总和。这导致了理论方法的演变，这些方法不仅是理想的--典型的或理想主义的派生出来的，而且是基于经验和(定量和定性)检验的，可能对当地规划实践产生更大的影响。

Urban planners often have to make decisions in their daily work which are not always the result of transparent, objective and rational considerations. In contrast, personal values and experiences, institutional norms and settings as well as socio-economic and sociodemographic conditions play a major role particularly in consultation processes - for example with regard to the question which public and non-profit goods have to be secured and maintained by urban planning and which not. However, it is still largely unexplored which tasks, roles and functions urban planners perform in their daily work, how they come to decisions in practice and how they justify those (morally or ethically). Until now there are only very few empiricallybased studies focusing on the daily routines and practices of urban planners that simultaneously lead to reflections of current planning theories. This especially applies to theoretical considerations on urban planning in the German-speaking countries. The results are that planning theory no longer corresponds to planning practice, that there are different ideas and perceptions what distinguishes urban planning as a discipline, what tasks or activities urban planners perform at various stages of the planning process and what the 'core' of urban planning and planning decisions constitutes. Urban planning as concept or discipline is thus interpreted quite differently, with the consequence, that there is no common understanding of the term 'planning' and that the self-perception within the discipline, which includes representatives from science and practice, is drifting apart. This can be interpreted as a weakness of planning theory, as it is not able to explain the effects or 'modes of action' of urban planning, to understand the reactions of stake-holders and users, to consider the relationship between planning institutions, planning processes and 'planning cultures' or to explain the coordination of actions, values and interests during the consultation processes which remains kind of a 'black box'. Against this background, it is the objective of the research project to contribute to a (critical) reflection and differentiation of the self-conception of urban planning by empirically analysing planning practices and daily routines of urban planners. This is based on the three dimensions: (1) planners as agents; (2) the tasks and roles of urban planners in the planning process; and (3) planning as the sum of pragmatic decisions and situational judgements of urban planners. This leads to the evolvement of theoretical approaches, which are not only ideal-typically or idealistic derived, but empirical based and tested (quantitative and qualitative) and which might have a stronger impact on local planning practices.