Exploring Multinary Nanoparticles by Combinatorial Sputtering into Ionic Liquids and Advanced Transmission Electron Microscopy

本项目致力于通过组合溅射到离子液体中来合成和表征多元纳米粒子，并利用先进的电子显微镜技术对其原子尺度进行表征。虽然元素纳米粒子已经被研究了很多，但多元素纳米粒子的探索是具有挑战性的，因为它们的合成通常需要复杂的化学。相反，通过组合溅射离子液体来合成多元纳米粒子，可以有效地探索多纳米粒子。未被探索的多元纳米粒子可能提供有趣的结构和功能特性。因此，多组分纳米粒子的存在范围及其性质将针对选定的体系进行探索。该项目将从一元系(如Au、Pt、Pd、Ru)开始，然后是二元系(如Ni-Ti、Ti-Ta、Fe-Pd、Au-Pt、Cu-Ru)，最后是三元系(Ti-Ni-X)。重点放在能够显示可逆相变的系统上。这些将作为功能纳米颗粒的示例系统进行研究。主要目的是了解哪些材料可以被制造成溅射纳米粒子，形成哪些离子液体。此外，我们希望弄清楚这些纳米粒子中是否会发生热弹性马氏体相变和/或可逆孪晶。所观察到的纳米结构与相应相图之间的关系形式的结果将有助于将来将组合溅射应用于离子液体中进一步的合金系统。此外，还将利用原位高分辨率电子显微镜研究多组分纳米粒子的成核和生长机制以及相变的基本方面。

This project addresses the synthesis and characterization of multinary nanoparticles by combinatorial sputtering into ionic liquids and their atomic scale characterization using advanced transmission electron microscopy techniques. Whereas elemental nanoparticles have been studied a lot, the exploration of multinary nanoparticles is challenging as their synthesis usually requires complex chemistry. In contrast the synthesis of multinary nanoparticles by combinatorial sputtering into ionic liquids enables an efficient exploration of multinary nanoparticles. Unexplored multinary nanoparticles may offer interesting structural and functional properties. Therefore, the existence range of multinary nanoparticles and their properties will be explored for selected systems. The project will start with unary systems (e.g. Au, Pt, Pd, Ru), then binary systems (e.g. Ni-Ti, Ti-Ta, Fe-Pd, Au-Pt, Cu-Ru) and finally ternary systems (Ti-Ni-X). The focus is on systems which can show reversible phase transformations. These will be studied as example systems for functional nanoparticles. The main goal is to understand which materials can be fabricated as sputtered nanoparticles into which ionic liquids. Furthermore, we expect to clarify if thermoelastic martensitic transformations and/or reversible twinning can occur in these nanoparticles. The result in form of relations between the observed nanostructures and the corresponding phase diagrams will be useful for future application of combinatorial sputtering into ionic liquids for further alloy systems. Furthermore fundamental aspects of the nucleation and growth mechanism of multinary nanoparticles as well as phase transformation will be studied using in-situ high resolution transmission electron microscopy.