液中TEM技術によるナノスケール沸騰現象の直接観測

总之，我们使用液相电子显微镜（LPEM）技术来研究表面纳米气泡及其界面行为。我们设计了一个三步气体纳米气泡成核策略，使用TEM的电子束，这有助于在按需纳米气泡成核的高概率。此外，可以调整电子束参数以使具有不同尺寸和成核数密度的纳米气泡成核。此外，我们研究了两个纳米气泡之间的相互作用在高空间分辨率。我们的研究结果表明，纳米气泡可以存在和没有接触线钉扎。此外，我们捕获的各向异性脱钉在表面纳米气泡，并揭示了不对称的气体分布的钉扎表面纳米气泡的作用。我们还发现，气泡合并是强烈钉扎纳米气泡是由本地化区域的气膜形成。然后，我们提出了一个合理的机制，表明纳米气泡之间的高气体分子密集区域的形成。这些发现不仅为纳米气泡的动态行为提供了新的见解，而且也重申了这些纳米气泡可以用于的新应用。此外，我们还致力于用水稀释法制备石墨烯纳米卷，以便在TEM中观察。通过考虑货车德瓦耳斯相互作用的影响，解释了附着在石墨烯纳米涡卷壁上的环形液层的动力学行为.

In summary, we used the liquid phase electron microscopy (LPEM) technique to study the surface nanobubbles and their interfacial behaviour. We devised a three-step gas nanobubble nucleation strategy using electron beam of the TEM, which helps in the on-demand nanobubble nucleation with high probability. Moreover, the electron beam parameters can be tuned to nucleate nanobubbles having different sizes and nucleation number density. In addition, we studied the interactions between two nanobubbles at high spatial resolution. Our results demonstrated that the nanobubbles can exist with and without contact line pinning. Moreover, we captured anisotropic depinning in surface nanobubbles and revealed the role of asymmetric gas distribution on pinning of surface nanobubbles. We also found that the bubble merging is strongly pinned nanobubbles is initiated by the localized region-wise gas film formation. We then proposed a plausible mechanism indicating the formation of a high-gas molecule dense region between the nanobubbles. These findings not only provide insights into the dynamic nanobubble behaviour, but also reiterates the novel applications these nanobubbles can be used for.In addition, we also worked on the fabrication of graphene nano-scrolls with water encapsulations for its observation in TEM. We explained the dynamics of annular liquid layer adhered to the wall of graphene nano-scrolls by considering the effect of van der Waals interaction.