Ecological mechanisms underpinning species diversity changes along land-use intensity in temperate forests - from trees to landscapes

目前对森林异质性如何影响分类群多样性的认识仍然有限。自20世纪60年代以来，麦克阿瑟和麦克阿瑟为栖息地异质性假说奠定了基础，通过展示森林树叶高度多样性的增加如何通过增加可用生态位的范围来增加鸟类的物种多样性，仅取得了渐进的进展。我们不知道更广泛的分类群如何对森林结构和成分属性的变化作出反应。鉴于土地使用的变化和森林管理活动改变了森林的结构和组成，我们必须更深入地了解异质性与多样性之间的联系，以便更好地为生物多样性保护提供信息。森林三维（3D）异质性遥感的进展和发展建设的性状数据库和不同类群的遗传学，现在使这些联系-在适当的实验设置。生物多样性探索站为应对这些挑战提供了理想的研究平台，现在可以建立一个全球杰出的框架来测试土地利用强度驱动的森林结构对温带森林生物多样性的作用。我们的联盟旨在揭示森林生物多样性的主要驱动因素，确定支持物种变化的机制沿着土地利用梯度，并建立一个三维异质性和生物多样性关系的一般框架。我们的目标是：i）汇编生物多样性探索站中八个不同分类群的现有数据; ii）扩展和发展这些分类群的性状和系统发育差异; iii）从机载激光雷达计算森林异质性沿着不同轴的一系列森林结构变量; iv）将重要的异质性度量尺度扩展到生物多样性探索站嵌入星载雷达的区域景观;五）阐明当地的情节和区域景观结构对物种多样性的影响;和六）扩大这项研究，以其他两个森林类型代表独特的长期梯度的土地利用强度在山地到高山森林和丘陵山毛榉森林在中欧。

Current understanding of how forest heterogeneity influences the diversity of taxa remains limited. Only incremental advances have been made since the 1960s when MacArthur and MacArthur laid the foundation for the habitat-heterogeneity-hypothesis, by showing how increased forest foliage height diversity increases the species diversity of birds by increasing the range of available niches. We do not know how a broader range of taxa responds to variations in forest structural and compositional attributes. Given that land-use change and forest management activities alter the structure and composition of forests, it is critical that we build deeper understanding of heterogeneity-diversity linkages to better inform biodiversity conservation. Advances in remote sensing of forest three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneity and developments in the construction of trait databases and phylogenies for different taxa now enable these linkages to be made - under the appropriate experimental setting. The Biodiversity-Exploratories provides an ideal research platform to address these challenges and it is now possible to set up a globally outstanding framework to test the role of forest structure driven by land-use intensity on biodiversity in temperate forests. Our consortium aims to expose the main drivers of biodiversity in forests, identify the mechanisms underpinning species changes along land-use gradients, and establish a general framework for 3D heterogeneity and biodiversity relationships. Our objectives are to: i) compile existing data in the Biodiversity-Exploratories for eight different taxa; ii) expand and develop trait and phylogenetic dissimilarities for these taxa; iii) calculate a range of forest structure variables along different axes of forest heterogeneity from airborne LiDAR; iv) scale important heterogeneity metrics to the regional landscape in which the Biodiversity-Exploratories are embedded with space-borne RADAR; v) elucidate the influence of local plot and regional landscape structure on species diversity; and vi) expand this research to two other forest types representing unique long gradients of land-use intensity in montane to high montane forests and in colline beech forests in Central Europe.