Soccer as space of belonging: Amateur soccer teams of Latin American migrants in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo

该研究项目考察了移民和业余足球背景下归属空间的出现。它是基于对巴西城市里约热内卢和圣保罗的秘鲁和玻利维亚移民的业余足球队的人种学实地研究。特别注意的是男女业余足球队之间的性别差异。在这里，足球作为一种日常跨文化实践的社会意义将被分析：作为移民融入东道国社会的一种手段，以及维护或重新设计移民的文化财产。归属感的发展被理解为通过日常活动占用空间-在这种情况下，业余足球。假设在这些归属空间中，跨文化和性别占有过程起着重要作用，因为通过权力关系的性别文化建构以一种特殊的方式在跨文化空间中变得可见。本研究的核心问题是：外来业余足球运动员使用了哪些跨文化和性别占有策略来发展归属感空间？移民业余足球队的建立在世界上许多城市都是一个普遍现象：拉丁美洲移民不仅在巴西建立足球俱乐部，而且在马德里、柏林和巴黎等欧洲城市也建立了足球俱乐部。对于移民来说，足球是文化和社区融合的重要空间，表达了对同一个祖国、地区甚至地方的归属感。然而，与此同时，作为一种跨文化战略，为这项运动占用空间具有重要意义：由于业余足球在巴西是一项广泛而受欢迎的运动，移民因此融入了巴西的日常文化，并表达了他们对东道国的归属感。该项目有助于将足球理解为一个重要的互动空间，在这个空间中，社会、文化和性别差异得到了协商。特别强调了足球在移民日常生活中作为归属感空间的跨文化意义；这是迄今为止在文化社会科学研究中很少受到重视的问题。同时，该项目有助于研究拉丁美洲最近的南南移徙流动；尤其是玻利维亚和秘鲁移民到巴西，这也是一个鲜为人知的研究领域。

The research project examines the emergence of spaces of belonging in the context of migration and amateur soccer. It is based on an ethnographic field study on amateur soccer teams of Peruvian and Bolivian immigrants in the Brazilian cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Special attention is paid to the gender-specific differences between male and female amateur soccer teams. Here, the social significance of soccer as an everyday transcultural practice will be analyzed: both as a means of integration of migrants into the host society as well as to maintain or redesign cultural belongings of migrants. The development of belonging is understood as the appropriation of space through everyday activities - in this case, amateur soccer. It is assumed that within these spaces of belonging, transcultural and gender appropriation processes play an important role, as the cultural constructions of gender through power relations become visible in transcultural spaces in a special way. The central research question is: Which transcultural and gender appropriation strategies do migrant amateur soccer players use for the development of spaces of belonging?The foundation of migrant amateur soccer teams is a wide-spread phenomenon in many cities around the world: Latin American migrants establish soccer clubs not only in Brazil, but also in European cities such as Madrid, Berlin and Paris. For migrants, soccer is an important space for cultural and community coming together, that expresses the belonging to the same home country, region or even locality. At the same time however, the appropriation of space for the sport is significant as a transcultural strategy: as amateur soccer is a widespread and popular sport in Brazil, the migrants thus integrate into Brazilian everyday culture and express their belonging to the host country.The project contributes to a body of research that understands soccer as a significant space of interaction, where social, cultural and gender differences are negotiated. In particular, the transcultural significance of soccer as a space of belonging in migrants' everyday life is emphasized; an issue which has found little attention in the cultural and social science research so far. At the same time the project contributes to research on recent south-south migratory flows in Latin America; especially by Bolivian and Peruvian immigrants to Brazil, which is also a little-noticed research field.