Aerosol-Cloud-Rainfall interactions over Emission Source regions (ACRES)

气溶胶与云的相互作用是影响云性质和环流模式以及降雨的关键因素之一，但也构成了气候变化强迫中最大的不确定性（Quaas et al., 2009; Boucher et al., 2013）。气溶胶-云相互作用、它们的辐射效应及其对环流和降雨的影响的量化仍然是一个挑战。本研究旨在提高对短寿命人为气溶胶对不同主要排放源区域云和辐射影响的科学认识。在ACRES中，我建议(I)了解人为气溶胶排放趋势对区域云辐射效应的影响，（ii）验证当前气候模式在多大程度上代表了观测到的气溶胶、云和降雨量的区域趋势，（iii）了解人为气溶胶排放趋势和由此产生的辐射效应趋势在调节环流模式中的作用。（iv）评估气溶胶排放趋势是否对观测到的亚洲极端降雨事件的变化起作用。

Aerosol-cloud interactions are one of the key factors influencing cloud properties andcirculation patterns and thereby rainfall, but also constitute the largest uncertainty in climate change forcing (Quaas et al., 2009; Boucher et al., 2013). The quantification of aerosol-cloud interactions, their radiative effects and their influence on circulation and rainfall continues to be a challenge. The present study aims to improve the scientific understanding of the influence of short-lived anthropogenic aerosols on clouds and radiation over different major emission source regions. In ACRES, I propose to (i) understand the influence of anthropogenic aerosol emission trends on regional cloud radiative effects, (ii) verify how well current climate models representthe observed regional trends in aerosol-, cloud- and rainfall quantities, (iii) understand the role of anthropogenic aerosol emission trends and consequent radiative effect trends in modulating circulation patterns, and (iv) assess whether aerosol emission trends play a role for changes in the observed extreme rainfall events over Asia.