The Trading Companies Rallis and Zafiris in the long 19th century. A Contribution to the Global History of the Ottoman Empire

该项目将有助于研究奥斯曼帝国与西欧、中欧、俄罗斯和亚洲地区之间的社会、经济和跨文化联系。它以希腊拉利斯和扎里菲斯家族的贸易公司为切入点，旨在考察在漫长的19世纪全球资本主义发展过程中，人员、资本、原材料和商品在世界不同地区之间的流动。焦点将集中在这两个跨帝国创业王朝的社会和文化史，以及典型的跨帝国(或跨托马尼亚)传记现象。该项目的目的是为商人和企业家的比较历史奠定基础，其中包括东南欧和Transsottoman空间。后续项目旨在确定拉利斯和扎里菲斯家庭商铺中与企业有关的活动中的女性部分在其经济和社会文化层面。该项目第二阶段的一项重要任务将是制定研究战略，从源头上重建这一“女性部分”，并将其置于一般网络活动的更大范围内。通过将以前的项目扩大到包括家庭和企业中的妇女，将绘制一幅更完整和更具差异化的跨国界贸易公司和个人跨国界传记，包括男性和女性。这为19世纪的社会变革、家族企业的特殊性以及现代企业家的兴起开辟了新的视角。

This project will contribute to the research of the social, economic and transcultural links between the Ottoman Empire and regions of Western and Central Europe, Russia and Asia. Taking the trading houses of the Greek families Rallis and Zarifis as a vantage point it aims at scrutinizing the mobility of people, capital, raw materials and goods between different world regions during the development of global capitalism in the long 19th century. The focal point will be on the social and cultural history of these two transimperial entrepreneurial dynasties as a whole as well as the phenomenon of typical transimperial (or transottomanic) biographies. The aim of the project is to lay the foundations for a comparative history of merchants and entrepreneurs, which includes Southeast European and Transottoman spaces. The follow-up project aims at working out the female part of entrepreneurially relevant activities in the merchant houses of the Rallis and Zarifis families in their economical and socio-cultural dimensions. An important task of the second phase of the project will be developing research strategies to reconstruct this “female part” from the sources and to place it in the larger context of the general network activities. By expanding the previous project to include the women of the family and the enterprise, a completer and more differentiated picture of Transottoman trading houses and individual Transottoman biographies, male and female, will be drawn. This opens up new perspectives of social change, the peculiarities of family business and the emergence of modern entrepreneurship in the 19th century.