Romania between Economic Nationalism and International Integration: The Rise and Fall of the Industrial Magnates Max Ausnit and Nicolae Malaxa (1918 bis 1941)

第一次世界大战结束了一个以当时世界所知的最密切联系和最集中的国际经济、金融和贸易体系为标志的时代。罗马尼亚同许多其他国家一样，恢复了保护主义和进口替代。本研究项目将研究两位罗马尼亚企业家的传记，他们的职业生涯是经济民族主义在两次世界大战期间如何发挥作用的例证，以及它遇到的障碍。在20世纪30年代，Max Ausnit（1887年至1957年）和Nicolae Malaxa（1884年至1965年）不仅领导着罗马尼亚重工业中最重要的企业，而且还是卡米拉国王卡罗尔二世的成员，在国王日益专制的统治下，卡米拉国王绕过宪法机构施加政治影响。奥斯尼特和马拉克萨的活动最好地说明了经济与政治之间的密切联系，并揭示了促进特殊利益集团控制国家的具体机制。两位企业家都是在一个国家经济政策与国际资本利益（主要是英国、法国和德国的资本利益）相冲突的混合地带行动的。尽管企业家扮演着极其重要的角色，但迄今为止，他们的职业生涯还没有得到全面的学术研究。拟议的研究项目将从各种角度调查罗马尼亚的经济民族主义。使用跨国方法，它将研究社会之间的相互作用作为变革和现代化的驱动力。为此目的，它将评估罗马尼亚、联合王国、法国、德国和美国的有关档案记录和文件。在这方面特别重要的是过去25年来从罗马尼亚银行和公司档案以及罗马尼亚和美国警察和特勤局档案中获得的文件。该研究项目的目标是在档案研究的基础上，结合经济史和政治史的方法，撰写一本专著。

World War I ended an epoch that was marked by the closest connections and the highest concentrations of international economic, financial, and trade systems that the world had known up to that time. Romania, like many other countries, reverted to protectionism and import substitution. This research project will examine the biographies of two Romanian entrepreneurs whose careers exemplify how economic nationalism functioned in the interwar period, and the obstacles it encountered. In the 1930s Max Ausnit (1887 to 1957) and Nicolae Malaxa (1884 to 1965) not only directed the most important enterprises in Romanian heavy industry but were members of King Carol IIs camarilla which, under the kings increasingly authoritarian rule, exercised political influence by by-passing constitutional institutions. Ausnit s and Malaxa s activities provide the best illustration of the close connection between economics and politics and reveal the specific mechanisms that facilitated a state capture by special interests. Both entrepreneurs acted in a mixed zone where national economic policies confronted international capital interests, primarily those of England, France, and Germany. Despite the entrepreneurs extremely important roles, to date their careers have not been the subject of a comprehensive scholarly study. The proposed research project will investigate Romanian economic nationalism from a variety of perspectives. Using transnational approaches it will examine the interaction between societies as the driving force of change and modernization. To this end it will evaluate the relevant archive records and documents in Romania, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and the United States. Especially important in this regard are the documents that have become available in the last twenty-five years from Romanian bank and company archives and from Romanian and American police and secret service archives. The goal of the research project is the writing of a monograph based on archival research and combining the methodologies of economic and political history.