Romania between Economic Nationalism and International Integration: The Rise and Fall of the Industrial Magnates Max Ausnit and Nicolae Malaxa (1918 bis 1941)

经济民族主义与国际一体化之间的罗马尼亚：工业巨头马克斯·奥斯尼特和尼古拉·马拉沙的兴衰（1918 年至 1941 年）

• 批准号: 269230986
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Marie-Janine Calic
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung für Geschichte Osteuropas und Südosteuropas
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/269230986?language=en
• 关键词: Romania; between; Economic; Nationalism; International

World War I ended an epoch that was marked by the closest connections and the highest concentrations of international economic, financial, and trade systems that the world had known up to that time. Romania, like many other countries, reverted to protectionism and import substitution. This research project will examine the biographies of two Romanian entrepreneurs whose careers exemplify how economic nationalism functioned in the interwar period, and the obstacles it encountered. In the 1930s Max Ausnit (1887 to 1957) and Nicolae Malaxa (1884 to 1965) not only directed the most important enterprises in Romanian heavy industry but were members of King Carol IIs camarilla which, under the kings increasingly authoritarian rule, exercised political influence by by-passing constitutional institutions. Ausnit s and Malaxa s activities provide the best illustration of the close connection between economics and politics and reveal the specific mechanisms that facilitated a state capture by special interests. Both entrepreneurs acted in a mixed zone where national economic policies confronted international capital interests, primarily those of England, France, and Germany. Despite the entrepreneurs extremely important roles, to date their careers have not been the subject of a comprehensive scholarly study. The proposed research project will investigate Romanian economic nationalism from a variety of perspectives. Using transnational approaches it will examine the interaction between societies as the driving force of change and modernization. To this end it will evaluate the relevant archive records and documents in Romania, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and the United States. Especially important in this regard are the documents that have become available in the last twenty-five years from Romanian bank and company archives and from Romanian and American police and secret service archives. The goal of the research project is the writing of a monograph based on archival research and combining the methodologies of economic and political history.

第一次世界大战结束了一个时代，这个时代的特点是世界上最密切的联系和最高度集中的国际经济，金融和贸易体系，直到那时。罗马尼亚与许多其他国家一样，恢复了保护主义和进口替代。本研究项目将考察两位罗马尼亚企业家的传记，他们的职业生涯揭示了经济民族主义在两次世界大战之间的作用，以及它遇到的障碍。在1930年代，马克斯·奥斯尼特（1887年至1957年）和尼古拉·马拉克萨（1884年至1965年）不仅领导了罗马尼亚重工业中最重要的企业，而且是国王卡罗尔三世的成员，在国王日益独裁的统治下，通过绕过宪法机构行使政治影响力。奥斯尼特和马拉克萨的活动最好地说明了经济与政治之间的密切联系，并揭示了促进国家被特殊利益集团俘获的具体机制。这两位企业家都是在一个混合区中行动的，在这个混合区中，国家经济政策面临着国际资本利益，主要是英国、法国和德国的资本利益。尽管企业家扮演着极其重要的角色，但迄今为止，他们的职业生涯还没有成为全面的学术研究的主题。拟议的研究项目将从各种角度调查罗马尼亚经济民族主义。它将利用跨国方法，审查社会之间的互动作为变革和现代化的驱动力。为此，它将评估罗马尼亚、联合王国、法国、德国和美国的相关档案记录和文件。在这方面，特别重要的是在过去25年中从罗马尼亚银行和公司档案以及罗马尼亚和美国警察和特工档案中获得的文件。该研究项目的目标是根据档案研究并结合经济和政治史的方法撰写一本专著。