Jewish Migration in Late Middle Ages. The example of Erfurt

犹太人在中世纪欧洲的高流动性是众所周知的事实。他们指出了定居模式和移民流动的变化。另一方面，缺乏对移徙运动的原因、过程和后果的详细研究，特别是对个别犹太家庭和单一犹太社区的研究。中世纪晚期的埃尔福特（Erfurt）拥有大量蓬勃发展的犹太社区，是图林根州许多移民流的十字路口，也是西里西亚（Silesia）、波西米亚（Bohemia）和摩拉维亚（Moravia）犹太移民的热门目的地。在埃尔福特，可以很好地观察到，许多犹太人，部分是由于外部影响，移民或移民了几个阶段，直到1453/ 144年，在镇议会拒绝进一步保护之后，所有犹太人不得不离开埃尔福特。计划中的研究项目旨在以埃尔福特的人物学数据为基础，举例说明中世纪晚期犹太人的移民运动和经济活动。还应注意移徙运动的经济和政治情况。该研究项目的重点是移民和移徙的关键因素以及对犹太家庭和犹太社区的经济和社会影响。图林根州也以同样的方式密切参与研究项目。将研究结果与弗罗茨瓦夫和纽伦堡犹太社区公布的数据进行比较，有助于明确研究的结果。

The high mobility of Jews in Medieval Europe is a well-known fact. Changes in settlement patterns as well as migration flows were pointed out. On the other hand a detailed study of the causes, the process and the consequences of migration movements with special regard of individual Jewish families and single Jewish communities is missing.The late medieval city of Erfurt, with a large, blooming Jewish community, was a crossroad of many migratory streams in Thuringia and a popular destination for Jewish immigrants from Silesia, Bohemia and Moravia. In Erfurt it can be well observed that many Jews, partly through external influence, emigrated or immigrated in several phases until in 1453/4 all Jews have to leave Erfurt after the town council refused further protection.The planned research project is intended to show exemplarily the migration movements and economic activities of Jews in the late Middle Ages based on prosopographic data from Erfurt. Attention should also be paid to the economic and political circumstances of the migrations movements. The research project is focused on the key factors for immigration and emigration as well and the economic and social effects on Jewish families and the Jewish community. In the same way the region Thuringia is closely involved in the research project. Comparing the results of the study with published data for the Jewish communities of Wroclaw and Nuremberg serves to specify the outcome of the study.