Inverse and forward multiscale numerical modeling of the Alpine orogeny (IFMMALPO)

阿尔卑斯山脉是阿尔卑斯山脉带的一部分，是非洲板块和欧亚板块在新生代碰撞形成的。这次碰撞形成了一个以复杂地质为特征的复合构造。碰撞过程的数值模拟可能是我们理解伴随阿尔卑斯造山运动的构造过程的关键。然而，目前已知的该地区的二维数值模型很少。这些模型考虑了岩石圈内的变形过程，忽略了地幔流和大尺度板块运动引起的三维远场应力的影响。为了更好地理解早新生代以来阿尔卑斯形成过程中地幔流动对岩石圈和地壳变形的影响，需要一个更大尺度的三维相对板块运动模型。然而，地幔密度和黏度的非均质性与岩石圈板块运动和变形之间的关系尚不清楚。由于不可逆的热扩散和阿尔卑斯山不完整的地球物理数据等原因，基于现今地幔结构知识的过去板块运动的时间向前模型的启动也是一个问题。为了克服这些问题,我们要使用最新的方法和提供的数据4 d-mb SPP项目中的合作会给我们有可能创建一个inverse-in-time whole-mantle对流新生代期间的大规模模型关注非洲和欧亚板块的碰撞和第一次模拟3 d +时间阿尔卑斯造山运动,使用全球地幔对流模型的结果作为初始一个临时不同边界条件。IFMMALPO项目将使用地震网（AF-A，B，C，D）和地质研究（AF-E）的数据，并为SPP 4D-MB的当前和下一阶段做出贡献，提供有关结构、构造演化（RT1, RT3）以及阿尔卑斯地区岩石圈和地幔应力状态（RT2, RT4）的数据。

The Alps is a part of Alpide mountain belt formed as a result of the collision of the African and Eurasian plates during the Cenozoic Era. This collision formed a compound tectonic structure characterized by complex geology. Numerical modeling of the collision process leading to the Alps formation might be a key to our understanding of tectonic processes accompanying the Alpine orogeny. Nevertheless, only few 2D numerical models for this region are known to date. These models consider deformation processes in the lithosphere, neglecting influence of the mantle flow and 3D far-field stress originated from the large scale plate motion. To better understand how the mantle flow affects the lithospheric and crustal deformation during Alps formation since Early Cenozoic, a model of the relative plate motion in a larger scale in 3D is required. However, it is not obvious how the heterogeneity of density and viscosity in the mantle can be related to plate motion and deformations in the lithosphere. The initiation of a forwards-in-time modelling of the plate motion in a past based on present-day knowledge of the mantle structure is also an issue because of several reasons such as an irreversible thermal diffusion and incomplete geophysical dafta for the Alps. To overcome these problems, we are going to use the latest methods and data provided by cooperation within the SPP 4D-MB project that will give us a possibility to create an inverse-in-time large-scale model of the whole-mantle convection during Cenozoic with a focus on the collision of the African and Eurasian plates and for the first time simulate in 3D+time the Alpine orogeny, using the results of the global mantle convection model as an initial an temporary varying boundary conditions. The IFMMALPO project will use the data from the seismic networks (AF-A,B,C,D), geological studies (AF-E) and contribute to the current and next stages of the SPP 4D-MB providing data on the structure, tectonic evolution (RT1, RT3), and the stress state of the lithosphere and mantle in the Alpine region (RT2, RT4).