Quantitative and qualitative gendered time-use in travel-based multitasking

该提案是“性别背景下的通勤和活动模式”项目的延伸。它使用德国时间使用调查数据来揭示男女在旅行期间复杂的时间使用模式，重点是旅行中的多重任务，即旅行期间进行的次要活动（工作、照顾、自由裁量）。具体而言，该项目有三个实证工作包，重点是以下主题：第一，分析不同人口群体在旅行期间多任务处理的差异，并将旅行中的多任务处理者与旅行期间不多任务处理的旅行者进行比较。在这里，目的是比较纯粹旅行所花费的时间（无多任务处理）和受污染的旅行（通过多任务处理次要活动），并解开旅行多任务处理与联合旅行的关联（“与谁”-独自，与孩子（仁），与合作伙伴，与他人）和旅行目的。第二，探索基于旅行的多任务处理与协变量，如家庭和个人的社会人口统计学，工作特征、旅行期间伴侣/子女的存在、旅行特征（高峰/非高峰旅行时间、模式使用、旅行时间、通勤距离）、空间属性（城市化、区域）、有偿、无偿和休闲活动（在家）的时间使用以及时间使用偏好。第三，探讨在与工作相关的多任务背景下，时间压力或时间使用满意度等主观测量（作为结果变量）与通勤时间之间的关联。两种型号：将比较有多项任务的与工作有关的旅行和没有多项任务的与工作有关的旅行，以研究对时间使用的主观感觉的影响如何变化。其他解释变量包括家庭和个人的社会人口统计学，空间属性（城市化，地区），独自或与他人一起旅行，以及人际互动（伴侣效应）。使用的方法包括描述性统计和线性/二项式/多项式/分数回归分析。这项研究将为今后的研究和政策建议提供基础，以了解其对旅行福利的影响以及为实现工作-家庭融合而使用的时间。

The proposal is an extension of the project ‘Commuting and activity patterns in a gender context’. It uses German Time Use Survey data to unravel the complex bundles of time-use patterns of men and women during travel, with a focus on travel-based multitasking, i.e. the secondary activities carried out during travel (work, care, discretionary). Specifically, the project has three empirical work packages that focus on the following topics.First, to analyse how multitasking varies during travel between different population groups and compare travelling multitaskers with travellers who do not multitask during trips. Here, the aim is to compare the time spent in pure travel (without multitasking) and contaminated travel (by multitasking with secondary activities) and unravel associations of travel-based multitasking with joint travel (‘with whom’ – alone, with child(ren), with partner, with others) and travel purposes.Second, to explore the association of travel-based multitasking with covariates such as household and personal sociodemographics, job characteristics, presence of partner/child during travel, trip characteristics (peak/off-peak travel time, mode use, travel time, commute distance), spatial attributes (urbanity, region), time use in paid, unpaid and leisure activities (in-home), and preferences in time use. Third, to explore the association between subjective measures (as the outcome variable) such as time pressure or time-use satisfaction and commute time in the context of job-related multitasking. Two models: job-related travel with multitasking and job-related travel without multitasking will be compared to examine how the effects on subjective feelings of time use vary. Other explanatory variables include household and personal sociodemographics, spatial attributes (urbanity, region), travelling alone or with others, and interpersonal interaction (partner effects).Methods used include descriptive statistics and linear/ binomial/ multinomial/ fractional regression analysis. The research will provide a basis for future research and policy recommendations with respect to its implications for travel well-being and time use towards job-family integration.