New theoretical methods for Full Counting Statistics and noise spectra in nano-scale electronic systems with long memories

随着技术向纳米级发展，对小导体动力学特性的理解变得越来越重要。理解和控制纳米系统中的量子特性是设计新型电子器件的关键之一，例如纳米电子学、纳米光子学和量子通信。电流在其平均值附近的动态波动-全计数统计（FCS）和噪声谱-已被认为是全面评估电子系统量子力学特性的潜在工具。然而，我们计划在这个项目中解决一些主要的未解决的问题：量子系统中FCS定义的基本问题及其与量子测量的关系。2. 计算长记忆时间强相互作用耗散系统FCS和噪声谱的新理论方法。3. 在现有和/或将在这里发展的理论框架内解释实验FCS数据。

With technology advancing towards the nanoscale level, the understanding of dynamical properties of small conductors becomes progressively important. The understanding and the control of quantum properties in nanoscale systems is one of the major keys for the design of new electronic devices, for example in nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, and quantum communication. Dynamical fluctuations of the electric current around its average - full counting statistics (FCS) and noise spectra - have been recognized as a potential tool for fully assessing quantum mechanical properties of electronic systems. There are, however, major open and unsolved issues which we plan to attack within this project: 1. Fundamental questions concerning the very definition of FCS in quantum systems and its relation to the quantum measurement. 2. New theoretical methods for calculating FCS and noise spectra for strongly interacting, dissipative systems with long memory times. 3. The interpretation of experimental FCS data within the framework of theories presently available and/or to be developed here.