Big Two - Understanding the Cognitive Representation of the "Big Two" Dimensions of Social Cognition

拟议的研究路线的总体目标是进一步了解机构和共融（也经常被称为能力和温暖或“两大”），两个基本维度，结构感知和自我，他人和社会群体的判断。共融反映了与他人建立联系和积极关系的需要，包括温暖和道德的子方面。能动性反映了维护自我和追求自己目标的需要，包括自信和能力的子方面。尽管关于这两个维度的文献很多，但很少有人关注它们的认知表征结构--尽管有一些经验表明，它们的表征结构可能不同，尽管这种结构差异会对理论和研究实践产生一些重要影响。通过这个项目，我们的目标是填补这一空白。我们特别预测，共融是代表作为一个更均匀和概念上更密集的结构比机构（H1）。我们进一步提出，作为一个结果，外行人有不同的内隐人格理论的机构和共融，更具体地说，我们预测，共融是代表在一个更明确的/双极的方式比机构（H2）。也就是说，我们认为外行人倾向于以非此即彼的方式来判断共融（某人要么是好人，要么是坏人）。为了验证这些假设，我们提出了一个多步骤的研究项目，三角测量一系列不同的研究方法。具体而言，我们结合联合收割机重新分析以前的数据（元分析的可靠性系数和结构方程模型的大规模调查数据）与对照实验采用创新的方法，如空间安排。在波兰和德国进行平行研究将使我们能够衡量跨语言研究结果的普遍性。总之，该项目将加强对两大维度的理解，将解释以前研究中一些看似矛盾的发现，并将继续和扩大波兰和德国研究人员之间富有成效的合作。

The overarching goal of the proposed line of studies is to further the understanding of agency and communion (also often referred to as competence and warmth or the "Big Two"), two fundamental dimensions that structure perception and judgment of the self, other people, and social groups. Communion reflects the need for connection and positive relations with others and comprises the sub-facets warmth and morality. Agency reflects the need to assert the self and to pursue own goals, comprising the sub-facets of assertiveness and competence. Despite an extensive literature on these two dimensions,little attention has been devoted to the structure of their cognitive representation - even though there are some empirical indications that their representation might be structured differently, and even though such differences in structure would have a number of important consequences for theory and research practice. With this project, we aim to fill this gap. We specifically predict that communion is represented as a more homogeneous and conceptually denser construct than agency (H1). We further propose that, as a result, lay people have different implicit personality theories for agency and communion; more specifically, we predict that communion is represented in a more categorical/ bipolar fashion than agency (H2). That is, we propose that lay people tend to judge communion in an either-or fashion (somebody is either a good person or a bad person). To test these hypotheses,we propose a multi-step research project triangulating a range of different research methods. Specifically, we combine re-analyses of previous data (a meta-analysis of reliability coefficients and structural equation modeling of large-scale survey data) with controlled experiments employing innovative methods, such as spatial arrangement. Conducting parallel studies in Poland and Germany will allow us to gauge the generalizability of findings across languages. In sum, this project will enhance understanding of the Big Two dimensions, will explain some seemingly contradictory previous findings in previous research, and will continue and expand a fruitful collaboration between Polish and German researchers.