Malacostracan phylogeny and the evolution of the caridoid facies

Malacostraca是一个高度多样化（大约有40000种）和高度分散（17目）的甲壳纲纲类。尽管这些高级甲壳类动物的解剖学复杂性和/或生态重要性引起了人们的关键兴趣，但我们对马拉斯特拉卡岛发生的进化转变的理解受到了这一分类群内部系统发育关系在很大程度上仍未解决的事实的阻碍。这并不仅仅意味着形态学和分子分析是不一致的。一方面，即使仅从形态学的角度来看，马拉孔甲鱼系统发育的主要方面也存在争议；另一方面，基于分子的分析相对较少。本提案的总体目标是使用micro-CT和数字3D重建等新技术对各种甲壳类动物的肌肉组织和角质层骨骼进行详细研究，作为概念化新字符和字符状态的基础，并将其添加到现有的字符矩阵中。新创建的特征矩阵将是迄今为止为马拉孔雀鱼编制的最广泛的形态矩阵，并将形成各种系统发育分析的基础，以测试马拉孔雀鱼系统发育的稳健性。结果将与分子系统发育分析进行对比，包括我们自己的系统发育分析。由此获得的马拉孔甲鱼系统发育假说将用于制定和讨论关于进化转变的假说（特别是那些形成本项目重点的假说）。将提出一个修正和扩展的心形相假说。

Malacostraca is a highly diverse (numbering around 40,000 species) and highly disparate (17 orders) taxon within paraphyletic crustaceans. Although the anatomical complexity and/or ecological importance of many of these higher crustaceans are of pivotal interest, our understanding of the evolutionary transformations that took place within Malacostraca is impeded by the fact that the phylogenetic relationships within the taxon are still largely unresolved. This does not just mean that morphological and molecular-based analyses are not congruent. For one thing, major aspects of malacostracan phylogeny are controversial even on the basis of morphology alone and for another, molecular based analyses are relatively rare. The general objective of this proposal is a detailed investigation, using new techniques such as micro-CT and digital 3D reconstruction, of the musculature and the cuticular skeleton in various malacostracan crustaceans for use as a basis for the conceptualization of new characters and character states, which will be added to existing character matrices. The newly created character matrix will be the most extensive morphological matrix ever compiled for Malacostraca and will form the basis of various phylogenetic analyses testing the robustness of malacostracan phylogeny. The results will be contrasted with molecular phylogenetic analyses including our own phylogenomic analysis. The malacostracan phylogeny hypothesis thus obtained will be used to formulate and discuss hypotheses about evolutionary transformations (particularly those which form the focus of the present project). A revised and extended version of the caridoid facies hypothesis will be presented.