Relative Measurement and the DP Border (DPBorder)

语法语义接口涉及句子的句法结构与其逻辑形式之间的对应关系。由于两者大致对应，不匹配提供了对构建和解释句子的心理机制的见解。虽然语法-语义接口的大多数工作都涉及子句，但本项目研究的是名义成分（DPs）。特别是，它针对DP边界的潜在不匹配，其中材料似乎在语法上属于DP，但在语义上不属于DP。相关的现象有浮动量词、形容词的非局部解读、事件相关量词、焦点影响量词等。此外，我们调查了最近发现的相对测量数据，如“百分比”和“三分之一”。不同语言的数据不同，甚至德语方言也不同。为了比较理论选择，我们需要在测量结构和其他dp边界现象变化的更广泛背景下仔细研究这种变化。本项目的出发点是在形态语法和语义之间建立一种新的联系。众所周知，在德语中，度量既允许属格“100 gram dunkler Schokolade”，也允许第二个名词的同位语“100 gram dunkle Schokolade”。但相关的测量显示了对案例模式的不同解释：属格的“30 Prozent der Studierenden arbeiten hier”关注的是吃巧克力的学生占所有学生的比例，而正格的“30 Prozent Studierende arbeiten hier”有一个“非保守”的解释：它关注的是学生工人占所有工人的比例。初步结果表明，这两种相对测度的解释可以用其他几种语言（如现代希腊语、韩语、泰米尔语）的测度结构来表达。在所有这些语言中，非保守解释都需要关注第二个名词（在这个例子中是“Studierende”）。该项目的主要目标是建立测量结构理论和DP的语法语义。非保守性解释与保守性普遍理论（Keenan and Stavi 1986）相冲突，后者是一个公认的概括。调和两者的一种方法是假设非保守解释涉及DP边界的语法-语义不匹配。为了确定这种分析是否正确，我们需要对DP边界进行一般的理解。该项目将对三个领域的详细理解放在一起：测量结构的形态句法特性、测量结构的语义特性以及dp边界上其他现象的特性。调查的主要语言是德语、希腊语和其他欧洲语言、泰米尔语、朝鲜语和希伯来语，而对其他语言则编制了问卷。该项目主要采用线人调查，但也会使用语料库。

The syntax-semantics interface concerns the correspondence between the syntactic structure of sentences and their logical form. Since the two broadly correspond, mismatches provide insights into the mental mechanisms structuring and interpreting sentences. While most work at the syntax-semantics interface has concerned clauses, this project investigates nominal constituents (DPs). In particular, it targets potential mismatches at the DP-border, where material seems to belong to DP syntactically, but not semantically. Relevant phenomena, where there already has been some work, are floated quantifiers, nonlocal readings of adjective, event-related quantification, and focus-affected quantification. Furthermore, we investigate recently discovered data from relative measurements such as "percent" and "third". The data vary across languages and even German dialects. To compare theoretical options requires us to study this variation closely in the broader context of variation in measurement structures and other DP-border phenomena.The starting point of the present project is a novel link between morphosyntax and semantics. It is known that measures in German allow either genitive "100 Gramm dunkler Schokolade" or appositive case on the second noun: "100 Gramm dunkle Schokolade". But relative measures show different interpretations for the case patterns: the genitive "30 Prozent der Studierenden arbeiten hier" concerns the ratio of chocolate-eating students to all students, while the appositive "30 Prozent Studierende arbeiten hier" has a 'nonconservative' construal: it concerns the ratio of student workers to all workers. Preliminary results show that these two construals of relative measures can be expressed by measurement structures in several other languages (e.g. Modern Greek, Korean, Tamil). In all these languages, the nonconservative construal requires focus on the second noun ("Studierende" in the example).The main goal of the project is a theory of measurement structures and the syntax-semantics of DP. Nonconservative construals stand in conflict with the Conservativity Universal (Keenan and Stavi 1986), a well established generalization. One way of reconciling the two is to assume nonconservative construals involve a syntax-semantics mismatch at the DP border. To determine whether this analysis is correct requires us to understand the DP border generally. The project puts together a detailed understanding of three areas: the morphosyntactic properties of measurement structures, the semantic properties of measurement structures, and the properties of other phenomena at the DP-border. The main languages investigated are German, Greek and other European languages, Tamil, Korean, and Hebrew, while for other languages a questionnaire is developed. The project uses primarily informant-based investigation, but also makes use of corpora.