The Non-Traveller Segment in Germany

自90年代中期以来，大约四分之一的德国社会是所谓的非旅行者（Forschungsgemeinschaft Urlaub und Reisen e.v. 2016）。然而，到目前为止，德国的旅游研究还没有将非旅行者群体排除在外，是否参与旅游的选择也没有纳入旅游研究。有很多关于旅行者、旅行决策和行为的研究。关于参与选择的研究主要是在英语国家进行的，主要集中在阻碍人们旅行的限制因素上。基于对过去研究的广泛文献分析，并专注于过去研究中已确定的差距，拟议项目的目的是解释非旅行行为。由于旅游决策和参与选择包括针对每个客源市场的具体方面，因此有必要在国家层面上探讨这个主题。除了查明和更好地了解旅行限制（导致不旅行）之外，本项目特别侧重于自愿不旅行，这一点迄今尚未进行广泛调查。拟议的项目是基于对非旅行者进行的17次探索性定性访谈的已经完成的分析。本分析的第一个结果表明，多种影响因素导致不参加旅行的决定。此外，约束和自愿不旅行是不旅行决定的基本要素。在拟议的项目中，将采用一种定量方法，使用全国代表性电话调查来更仔细地审查不旅行，明确包括自愿不旅行作为这一研究领域被低估的方面。因此，将开发一个新的研究框架，用于调查不旅行，考虑决策的外部和内部决定因素。这种方法通过进一步发展和扩展英语国家和亚洲国家的模式，例如专门针对德国客源市场的各个方面，推动了旅游业的发展。此外，旅行愿望与实际行为之间的差异将被整合到研究模型中，以理解为什么旅行愿望没有实现，特别是在自愿不旅行的情况下。此外，将根据非旅行决策的决定因素而不仅仅是社会人口变量来确定不同类型的非旅行者。拟议的项目不仅将提供超越目前研究状态的关于非旅行的新的科学见解，而且考虑到参与旅行能力的政策方面需要采取行动，也将显示出社会政治意义。

Since the mid-nineties, about one quarter of the German society are so-called non-travellers (Forschungsgemeinschaft Urlaub und Reisen e.V. 2016). However, the non-traveller segment is so far excluded from German tourism research and the choice whether or not to participate in travelling has not been integrated in tourism research. A lot of research exists dealing with travellers, travel decision-making and behaviours. Studies on the participation choice have been conducted mainly in English-speaking countries concentrating on constraints which deter someone from travelling. Building on an extensive literature analysis of past research and focusing on the identified gaps in past research, the aim of the proposed project is to explain non-travelling behaviour. Since travel decision-making and participation choices include aspects which are specific for each source market, approaching this topic on a national level is necessary. Besides the identification and better understanding of travel constraints (leading to non-travelling), this project particularly focuses on voluntary non-travelling which has so far not been investigated extensively. The proposed project is based on an already completed analysis of 17 explorative, qualitative interviews with non-travellers. First results of this analysis show that a variety of influencing factors lead to the decision not to participate in travelling. Furthermore, constraints as well as voluntary non-travelling are essential elements of the non-travelling decision. In the proposed project, a quantitative approach will be applied using a nationwide, representative telephone survey to closer examine non-travelling, explicitly including voluntary non-travelling as an underestimated aspect in this research area. Thereby, a new research framework for the investigation of non-travelling will be developed that considers external as well as internal determinants of decision-making. This methodological approach advances tourism progress by further developing and extending models from English-speaking and Asian countries, for example for aspects specifically related to the German source market. Furthermore, the discrepancy between travel wishes and actual behaviour will be integrated in the research model to understand why travel wishes are not implemented, particularly in the context of voluntary non-travelling. Moreover, different types of non-travellers will be identified based on determinants of non-travel decision-making rather than only sociodemographic variables. The proposed project will not only provide new scientific insights into non-travelling beyond the current state of research but will also show a socio-political significance considering the need for action on the part of the policy regarding abilities to participation in travel.